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Variable-length encoder and decoder using symbol/code-word re-association of a coding table |
| RE37912 |
Variable-length encoder and decoder using symbol/code-word re-association of a coding table
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| Patent Drawings: | |
| Inventor: |
Park, et al. |
| Date Issued: |
November 26, 2002 |
| Application: |
09/629,108 |
| Filed: |
July 28, 2000 |
| Inventors: |
Jeon; Byeung-woo (Sungnam, KR)
Jeong; Jechang (Seocho-gu, KR)
Park; Ju-ha (Suwon, KR)
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| Assignee: |
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (Kyungki-Do, KR) |
| Primary Examiner: |
Williams; Howard L. |
| Assistant Examiner: |
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| Attorney Or Agent: |
Sughrue Mion, PLLC |
| U.S. Class: |
341/65; 341/67 |
| Field Of Search: |
341/65; 341/67 |
| International Class: |
H03M 7/42 |
| U.S Patent Documents: |
4839724; 4957724; 5253053 |
| Foreign Patent Documents: |
0613303; 0273130; 2-124644; 2-302127; 3-14366; 4-239225; 6-61869; 6-225286 |
| Other References: |
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| Abstract: |
A variable-length encoder using a code table having a symbol/code-word re-association feature, which includes a first storing portion for storing previously generated code table information, a first re-associating portion for generating re-associated code table information and re-association information indicative of the relation between a symbol and a corresponding code word from a previously generated code table information stored in the first storing portion, based on the frequency of occurrence of externally applied symbols during a predetermined time period, a delay for delaying and outputting the same symbols as those input to the first re-associating portion during the predetermined time period, a re-association information storing portion for storing the re-associated code table information and re-association information and sequentially outputting the re-association information, a variable-length encoder for receiving the symbols stored in the delay and generating and sequentially outputting code words according to the re-associated code table information stored in the re-association information storing portion, and a multiplexer which outputs the re-association information from the re-association information storing portion and the code words output from the variable-length encoder, to thereby reduce the code length of code words generated by variable-length encoding even when the frequency of occurrence of symbols used in forming a previously generated code table is different from that of the symbols applied during the predetermined time period. |
| Claim: |
What is claimed is:
1. A variable-length code word transmission system, comprising: encoder means for receiving and encoding input symbols into variable-length code words based on a frequency ofoccurrence of said symbols, said encoder means including means for re-associating a relationship between code words and each distinct received symbol and generating re-association information for each distinct received symbol; and means for transmittingsaid re-association information generated by said means for re-associating and said variable-length code words in an alternating manner; and decoder means for decoding the transmitted variable-length code words based on said transmitted re-associationinformation.
2. The variable-length code word transmission system claimed in claim 1, wherein said encoder means further comprises: fast storing means for storing a previously generated code table; first re-associating means for receiving externally appliedsymbols during a predetermined time period, generating a re-associated code table and re-association information indicative of a relation between a symbol and a corresponding code word from said previously generated code table stored in said firststoring means, based on the frequency of occurrence of the externally applied symbols during a predetermined time period; delay means for delaying and outputting the same symbols as those input to said first re-associating means during the predeterminedtime period; re-association information storing means for storing said re-associated code table and re-association information for each distinct received symbol and sequentially outputting said re-association information; variable-length coding meansfor receiving said symbols output from said delay means and generating and sequentially outputting code words according to said re-associated code table stored in said re-association information storing means; and means for multiplexing and outputtingsaid re-association information from said re-association information storing means and said code words output from said variable-length coding means.
3. The variable-length code word transmission system claimed in claim 1, wherein said decoder means comprises: storing means for storing the same code table as that previously generated and stored in the encoder means; demultiplexing means forreceiving data output from the encoder means, and dividing and outputting symbol/code-word re-association information and code words from the received data; re-associating means for receiving said re-association information from said demultiplexingmeans, re-associating a code-word and a corresponding symbol, and storing said re-associated code table; and variable-length decoding means for decoding said code words based on said code table stored in said re-associating means to thereby generate asymbol.
4. The variable-length code word transmission system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said encoder means is a Huffman variable-length encoder.
5. The variable-length code word transmission system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said decoder means is a Huffman variable-length decoder.
6. The variable-length code word transmission system claimed in claim 1, wherein said means for transmitting transmits said re-association information whenever a corresponding variable-length code word is transmitted.
7. A variable-length encoder using symbol/code-word re-association of a code table comprising: delay means for delaying externally applied symbols; first storing means for storing a previously generated code table; first re-associating meansfor generating a re-associated code table and re-association information indicative of the relation between one of said symbols and a corresponding code word from said previously generated code table stored in said first storing means, based on afrequency of occurrence of the externally applied symbols during a predetermined time period, wherein said first re-associating means generates re-association information for each different one of the externally applied symbols; re-associationinformation storing means for storing said re-associated code table and said re-association information, and sequentially outputting said re-association information; variable-length encoding means for receiving the delayed symbols and generating andsequentially outputting code words according to said re-associated code table stored in said re-association information storing means; and means for multiplexing and outputting said re-association information output from said re-association informationstoring means, and said code words output from said variable-length encoding means in an alternating manner.
8. The variable-length encoder using a symbol/code-word re-association of a code table as claimed in claim 7, wherein said first re-associating means re-associates said symbols to said code words of said previously generated code word tablestored in said first storing means so that, for symbols used in re-association of the code table, a symbol having a higher frequency of occurrence is associated with a code word having a shorter length.
9. The variable-length encoder using symbol/code-word re-association of a code table as claimed in claim 7, wherein said first re-associating means comprises: a plurality of symbol counters for counting the number of each symbol applied duringthe predetermined time period and storing the counted values for each of the respective symbols, said first re-associating means generating the re-associated code table and re-association information from a previously generated code table, based on thecounted values.
10. The variable-length encoder using symbol/code-word re-association of a code table as claimed in claim 7, wherein said predetermined time period is a time period required to re-associate symbols to code words of a code table by using symbolsobtained from one slice of video data.
11. The variable-length encoder using symbol/code-word re-association of a code table as claimed in claim 7, wherein said predetermined time period is a time period required to re-associate symbols to code words of a code table by using symbolsobtained from one frame of video data.
12. The variable-length encoder using symbol/code-word re-association of a code table as claimed in claim 7, wherein said re-association information storing means outputs corresponding re-association information to said multiplexing meanswhenever during the predetermined interval a code word is first output from said variable-length coding means.
13. The variable-length encoder using symbol/code-word re-association of a code table as claimed in claim 7, wherein said re-association information storing means outputs only one set of re-association information to said means for multiplexingwith respect to a plurality of the same code words.
14. The variable-length encoder using symbol/code-word re-association of a code table as claimed in claim 7, wherein said means for multiplexing outputs the re-association information corresponding to a code word prior to outputting thecorresponding code word.
15. The variable-length encoder using symbol/code-word re-association of a code table as claimed in claim 7, wherein said re-association information storing means outputs re-association information corresponding to each code word to saidmultiplexing means in order in which the distinnct symbols occurs.
16. The variable-length encoder using symbol/code-word re-association of a code table as claimed in claim 7, wherein said variable length encoding means is a Huffman encoder.
17. The variable-length encoder using symbol/code-word re-association of a code table as claimed in claim 4, wherein said means for multiplexing and outputting outputs said re-association information whenever a corresponding code word istransmitted.
18. A variable-length decoder for decoding output from a variable-length encoder using symbol/code-word re-association of a code table, the encoder having a previously generated code table stored in a code table, and which outputs data includingcode words and symbol/code-word re-association information, the decoder comprising: storing means for storing the same code table as that previously generated and stored in the variable-length encoder; demultiplexing means for receiving data output fromthe variable-length encoder, and dividing and outputting symbol/code-word re-association information and code words from the received data, wherein the symbol/code word re-association information for one of the code words is received only when the codeword is received for the first time during a predetermined time interval and before another code word is received; re-associating means for receiving said re-association information from said demultiplexing means, re-associating a code-word and acorresponding symbol, and storing said re-associated code table information; and variable-length decoding means for decoding the code words based on said code table information stored in said re-associating means to thereby generate a symbol.
19. The variable-length decoder as claimed in claim 18, wherein said re-associating means re-associates a code word and a symbol only when said code word has been received and before said another code word is received.
20. The variable-length decoder for decoding the output from a variable-length encoder using symbol/code-word re-association of a code table as claimed in claim 18, wherein said variable-length decoding means is a Huffman decoder.
21. The variable-length decoder for decoding the output from a variable-length encoder using symbol/code-word re-association of a code table as claimed in claim 18, wherein said pre-determined time interval is a time period for one slice ofvideo data.
22. The variable-length decoder for decoding the output from a variable-length encoder using symbol/code-word re-association of a code table as claimed in claim 18, wherein said pre-determined time interval is a time period for one frame ofvideo data.
23. A variable-length decoder for decoding output from a variable-length encoder using symbol/code-word re-association of a code table, the encoder having a previously generated code table stored in a code table, and which outputs data includingcode words and symbol/code-word re-association information, the decoder comprising: storing means for storing the same code table as that previously generated and stored in the variable-length encoder; demultiplexing means for receiving data output fromthe variable-length encoder, and dividing and outputting symbol/code-word re-association information and code words from the received data, wherein said code words and said symbol/code-word re-association information are received in an alternatingmanner, and symbol/code-word re-association information for any one of the code words is received before said code words are received; re-associating means for receiving said re-association information from said demultiplexing means, re-associating acode word and a corresponding symbol when said code word is first received, and storing said re-associated code table information; and variable-length decoding means for decoding the code word based on the code table information stored in saidre-associating means to thereby generate a symbol.
24. The variable-length decoder for decoding output from a variable-length encoder using symbol/code-word re-association of a code table as claimed in claim 23, wherein said variable-length decoding means is a Huffman decoder.
25. The variable-length decoder for decoding output from a variable-length encoder using symbol/code-word re-association of a code table as claimed in claim 23, wherein said demultiplexing means receives symbol/code-word re-associationinformation whenever a corresponding code word is received.
26. A variable-length encoding method, comprising: receiving input data; delaying the received input data for a pre-determined time period; counting occurrences of each distinct input data using the delayed input data; re-associating arelationship between code words and each distinct received input data based on the counted occurrence of each distinct input data, and generating re-association information for each distinct received input data, wherein the code words are read from apreviously generated code book; encoding said received input data using the re-associated relationship and outputting selected code words; and transmitting said re-association information and the selected code words in an alternating manner.
27. A variable-length encoding method as claimed in claim 26, wherein said re-associating is carried out at a pre-determined time interval.
28. A variable-length encoding method as claimed in claim 27, wherein said pre-determined time interval is a time period for one slice of video data.
29. A variable-length encoding method as claimed in claim 27, wherein said pre-determined time interval is a time period for one frame of video data.
30. A variable-length decoding method, comprising: receiving interleaved re-association information and code word data and separating said re-association information and said code word data; generating a re-associated code book by modifyingassociation of code words and symbol data as defined in a previously generated code book using said re-association information; and decoding said received code word data using said re-associated code book and outputting decoded data.
31. A variable-length decoding method as claimed in claim 30, wherein said re-association information is received only for distinct received code word data.
32. A variable-length decoding method as claimed in claim 30, wherein said re-association information is received for each received code word data.
33. A variable-length decoding method as claimed in claim 30, wherein said generating a re-associated code book is carried out at a pre-determined time interval.
34. A variable-length decoding method as claimed in claim 33, wherein said pre-determined time interval is a time period for one slice of video data.
35. A variable-length decoding method as claimed in claim 33, wherein said pre-determined time interval is a time period for one frame of video data.
36. A digital data transmission method, comprising: receiving input data; delaying the received input data for a pre-determined time period; counting occurrences of each distinct input data using the delayed input data; re-associating arelationship between code words and each distinct received input data based on the counted occurrence of each distinct input data, and generating re-association information for each distinct received input data, wherein the code words are read from apreviously generated code book; encoding said received input data using the re-associated relationship and outputting selected code words; transmitting said re-association information and the selected code words in an alternating manner; receiving there-association information and code word data and separating said re-association information and said code word data; generating a re-associated code book by modifying associations of code words and symbol data as defined in a previously generated codebook using said re-association information; and decoding said received code word data using said re-associated code book and outputting decoded data. .Iadd.
37. A variable-length encoding method, comprising: receiving input symbol data; adapting a relationship between each distinct received input symbol data and variable-length code words and generating adapted association information for eachdistinct received input symbol data; generating a current code book, having a different association of code words and symbol data as compared to a previously generated code book, in accordance with said adapted association information; variable lengthcoding said input symbol data into variable length code words using said current code book to generate variable length code words; and transmitting said adapted association information and said variable length code words in an alternatingmanner..Iaddend..Iadd.
38. The variable-length encoding method as claimed in claim 37, wherein the code words of said current code book and said previously generated code book are identical..Iaddend..Iadd.
39. The variable-length encoding method as claimed in claim 38, wherein said generating a current code book is carried out at a predetermined interval..Iaddend..Iadd.
40. The variable-length encoding method as claimed in claim 39, wherein said predetermined interval is for one slice of video data..Iaddend..Iadd.
41. The variable-length encoding method as claimed in claim 39, wherein said predetermined interval is for one frame of video data..Iaddend..Iadd.
42. The variable-length encoding method as claimed in claim 39, wherein said predetermined interval is for one field of video data..Iaddend..Iadd.
43. A variable-length decoding method, comprising: receiving interleaved adapted association information and code word data; generating a current code book, having a different association of code words and symbol data as compared to apreviously generated code book, in accordance with said adapted information; and decoding said received code word data using said current code book and outputting decoded data..Iaddend..Iadd.
44. The variable-length decoding method as claimed in claim 43, wherein the code words of said current code book and said previously generated code book are identical..Iaddend..Iadd.
45. The variable-length decoding method as claimed in claim 44, wherein said generating a current code book is carried out at a predetermined interval..Iaddend..Iadd.
46. The variable-length decoding method as claimed in claim 45, wherein said predetermined intervals is for one slice of video data..Iaddend..Iadd.
47. The variable-length decoding method as claimed in claim 45, wherein said predetermined interval is for one frame of video data..Iaddend..Iadd.
48. The variable-length decoding method as claimed in claim 45, wherein said predetermined interval is for one field of video data..Iaddend..Iadd.
49. A variable-length decoding method, comprising: receiving interleaved adapted association information and code word data; generating a current code book, having a different association of code words and symbol data as compared to apreviously generated code book, in accordance with said adapted association information; and decoding said received code word data using said current code book and outputting decoded data..Iaddend..Iadd.
50. The variable-length decoding method as claimed in claim 49, wherein the code words of said current code book and said previously generated code book are identical..Iaddend..Iadd.
51. The variable-length decoding method as claimed in claim 50, wherein said generating a current code book is carried out at a pre-determined interval..Iaddend..Iadd.
52. The variable-length decoding method as claimed in claim 51, wherein said predetermined interval is for one slice of video data..Iaddend..Iadd.
53. The variable-length decoding method as claimed in claim 51, wherein said predetermined interval is for one frame of video data..Iaddend..Iadd.
54. The variable-length decoding method as claimed in claim 51, wherein said predetermined interval is for one field of video data..Iaddend..Iadd.
55. A variable-length encoding method, comprising: receiving input symbol data; adapting a relationship between each distinct received input symbol data and variable-length code words and generating adapted association information for eachdistinct received input symbol data, wherein the adapted association information for a code word is received only when the code word data is received for the first time during a predetermined time interval and before another code word data is received; encoding said received input symbol data using a current code book, having a different association of code words and symbol data as compared to a previously used code book, in accordance with said adapted association information, to generate variablelength code words; and transmitting said adapted association information and said variable length code words in an alternating manner..Iaddend..Iadd.
56. The variable-length encoding method as claimed in claim 55, wherein the code words of said current code book and said previously used code book are identical..Iaddend..Iadd.
57. The variable-length encoding method as claimed in claim 56, wherein said encoding said received input symbol data using said current code book is carried out at a pre-determined interval..Iaddend..Iadd.
58. The variable-length encoding method as claimed in claim 57, wherein said predetermined interval is for one slice of video data..Iaddend..Iadd.
59. The variable-length encoding method as claimed in claim 57, wherein said predetermined interval is for one frame of video data..Iaddend..Iadd.
60. The variable-length encoding method as claimed in claim 57, wherein said predetermined interval is for one field of video data..Iaddend..Iadd.
61. A variable-length decoding method, comprising: receiving interleaved adapted association information and code word data; decoding said received code word using a code book, having a different association of code words and symbol data ascompared to a previously used code book, in accordance with said adapted association indication information; and outputting said decoded code word data..Iaddend..Iadd.
62. The variable-length decoding method as claimed in claim 61, wherein the code words of said current code book and said previously used code book are identical..Iaddend..Iadd.
63. The variable-length decoding method as claimed in claim 62, wherein said decoding said received code words comprises generating a current code book based on said adapted indication information during a pre-determined interval..Iaddend..Iadd.
64. The variable-length decoding method as claimed in claim 63, wherein said predetermined interval is for one slice of video data..Iaddend..Iadd.
65. The variable-length decoding method as claimed in claim 63, wherein said predetermined interval is for one frame of video data..Iaddend..Iadd.
66. The variable-length decoding method as claimed in claim 63, wherein said predetermined interval is for one field of video data..Iaddend. |
| Description: |
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a variable-length encoding/decoding system for video data. More particularly, it relates to a variable-length encoding/decoding system which re-associates a predetermined relation between a symbol and a code-wordbased on the frequency of occurrence of symbols to be variable-length coded (VLC), to thereby increase encoding efficiency.
2. Description of the Prior Art Recently, video and audio equipment employing digital signal processing methods have increased, and have been briskly developed. Therefore, many studies have been initiated relating to encoding a video and audiosignal into a digital signal. Since an encoded video signal requires a large amount of digital data, various methods have been suggested to compress the encoded digital data prior to storing it on a recording medium. Among the various compressionmethods are a transform coding method, vector-quantization method, differential pulse coded modulation (DPCM), and variable-length coding method. Such coding methods are used to remove redundant data contained in a digital signal and, thus, reduce thetotal amount of transmitted or recorded data.
The VLC method is a technique to convert symbols in the form of [run,level], obtained through discrete cosine transform (DCT), quantization and zigzag scan operations, into corresponding code words by using a VLC table.
FIG. 1 shows one example of a VLC table. According to the [run,level] data of the symbols shown in FIG. 1 at the right-hand side of the table, code words having different lengths are associated with the respective symbols. Huffman coding is amethod of associating symbols and code words based on the frequency of occurrence of the symbols. That is, Huffman coding is a data compression method in which, considering the frequency of occurrence of a symbol, a code word having a short length isassociated with a symbol having a high frequency of occurrence, while a code word having a longer length is associated with a symbol having a lower frequency of occurrence. A typical example of an apparatus implementing the above method is illustratedin FIG. 2.
FIG. 2 shows a conventional variable-length encoder, and FIG. 3 depicting a conventional variable-length decoder. The variable-length encoder of FIG. 2 comprises an encoder 1 and VLC table 2. The variable-length decoder of FIG. 3 comprises adecoder 3 and variable length decode (VLD) table 4 which is the same as to VLC table 2. When a symbol is input, encoder 1 locates a code word corresponding to the input symbol among the code words input from VLC table 2, and outputs the correspondingcode word. Decoder 3 locates a symbol corresponding to the input code word from VLD table 4, and outputs the corresponding symbol, to thereby restore the original symbol input to the variable-length encoder.
However, if there is difference between the frequency of occurrence of symbols used in constructing VLC table 2 and the corresponding VLD table 4, and that of symbols currently used in VLC coding, optimum variable-length coding can not beachieved. In other words, if the characteristics of an image to be currently variable-length coded are different from those of an image used when a code table is designed, a previously generated VLC table 2 and VLD table 4 cannot be changed toaccommodate the differing characteristics. Thus, such an encoder/decoder and method do not fully accomplish the object of compressing the entire amount of data to be stored or transmitted.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a variable-length encoder in which, even though the symbol/code-word association of a previously generated code table is used, the frequency of occurrence of the currently inputsymbols is measured in order to re-associate the symbols to the appropriate code words. Such a re-association provides that the amount of data to be consumed is minimized even when symbols are input that have a different frequency of occurrence fromthat of symbols considered when the code table is generated.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a variable-length decoder for restoring the original symbols represented by the code words obtained by variable-length coding, in which a symbol corresponding to an input code word is searchedfor in a previously generated decode table according to symbol/code-word re-association control information, to thereby decode the corresponding symbol.
To accomplish the first object of the present invention, there is provided a variable-length encoder using symbol/code-word re-association of a code table comprising a first storing means for storing previously generated code table, a firstre-associating means for generating re-associated code table and re-association information indicative of the relation between a symbol and a corresponding code word from the previously generated code table stored in the first storing means, based on thefrequency of occurrence of externally applied symbols during a predetermined time period, a delay for delaying and outputting the same symbols as those input to the first re-associating means during the predetermined time period, a re-associationinformation storing means for storing the re-associated code table and re-association information and sequentially outputting the re-association information, variable-length coding means for receiving the delayed symbols and generating the sequentiallyoutputting code words according to the re-associated code table stored in the re-association information storing means, and means for multiplexing and outputting the re-association information from the re-association information storing means andoutputting the code words output from the variable-length coding means.
To accomplish the second object of the present invention, there is provided a variable length decoder using symbol/code-word re-association of a code table comprising a second storing means for storing the same code table as that previouslygenerated and stored in the first storing means, demultiplexing means for receiving data output from the means for multiplexing, dividing and outputting re-association information and code words, a second re-association means for receiving there-association information from the demultiplexing means, re-associating a corresponding symbol/code-word relation, and storing re-associated code table, and variable-length decoding means for decoding an input code word based on the code tableinformation stored in the second re-associating means to thereby generate a symbol.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail a preferred embodiment thereof with reference to the attached drawings in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates one example of a VLC table;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a conventional variable-length encoder;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a conventional variable-length decoder;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a variable-length encoder according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the re-association of a code table by a first associating circuit;
FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the actually transmitted re-association information; and
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a variable-length decoder according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to FIG. 4 data to be variable-length encoded, that is, a symbol, is applied to a delay circuit 10 and a first re-associating circuit 13. The symbol input to the circuit shown in FIG. 4 is typically composed of run and level [run,level] data produced by run-length encoding. Delay circuit 10 delays the input symbol for a predetermined time period and outputs the delayed symbol to encoder 11.
First re-associating circuit 13 receives the same symbol as that input to delay circuit 10, in order to re-associate the relation of symbol/code-word in a code table. In particular, first re-associating circuit 13 performs a code tablere-association operation by using the symbols which are input during the predetermined time period. The predetermined time period is that time period required to gather an appropriate number of symbols for re-associating the symbols and code words inthe code table. In typical applications the predetermined time period is set to correspond to one video frame or one slice. First re-associating circuit 13 reads out a code table from a first storing portion 14 and stores the read-out information in abuilt-in memory (not shown). First re-associating circuit 13 performs the code table re-association operation by using the code table stored in the memory and the symbols input during the predetermined time period. The code table re-associationoperation is explained in detail below with reference to FIG. 5.
The left-hand column shown in FIG. 5 represents a plurality of symbol counters. Each symbol counter corresponding to one of the respective symbols. The two columns shown at the right-hand side of FIG. 5 indicate, in one column, code words whereeach code word corresponds to one of the respective symbols, and, in the other column, the length of the respective code words, that is, the code length. The code length satisfies the relation L(N)>L(N-1)> . . . >L(2)>L(1). In other words,code word C(1) has the shortest code length, and C(N) has the longest code length.
Prior to re-association of a code table, the symbol counters of FIG. 5 are all reset to "zero" as the initial value. First re-associating circuit 13 recognizes the respective symbols input during the predetermined time period. The respectivesymbol counter corresponding to an input symbol, counts the corresponding input symbol and stores the counted value. When counting of the input symbols during the predetermined time period is finished, first re-associating circuit 13 performs asymbol/code-word re-association operation by re-associating the relationship between symbols and code words in the code table, as shown in FIG. 5. For instance, in FIG. 5 "symbol 2" has a count value of 120 which is the largest among the symbols. Accordingly, "code word C(1)", which has the shortest length, is associated with symbol 2. When the re-association of symbols and code words with respect to all of the symbols input during the predetermined time period is finished, first re-associatingcircuit 13 outputs a re-associated code table and symbol/code-word re-association information I(n)'s to a re-association information storing portion 12. Here, I(n) refers to an index of a symbol corresponding to code word C(n). For example, in FIG. 5. I(1)=2 since code word C(1) is now associated with symbol 2. When the re-associated code table and symbol/code-word re-association I(n) is finished being stored in the re-association information storing portion 12, re-association information storingportion 12 outputs to multiplexer 15 the symbol/code-word re-association information I(n)'s in relation with a symbol to be variable-length encoded, according to a loading signal applied by a controller (not shown). An encoder 11 converts the respectivesymbols applied from delay circuit 10 into corresponding code words by using the re-associated code table stored in re-association information storing portion 12. In the case in which encoding is finished, code words and corresponding symbol/code-wordre-association information I(n)'s are applied to multiplexer 15, and the first re-associating circuit is initialized with the previously generated code table stored in the first storing portion. That is, the symbol counters are all reset to zero and there-association is reset back to that of the previously generated code table. This refreshing prevents propagation of errors which may happen during transmission.
FIG. 6 shows the relation between the code words C(n) output from encoder 11 and the symbol/code-word re-association information I(n) output from re-association information storing portion 12. When "code word C(1)" is generated with respect tothe first symbol, encoder 11 outputs "code word C(1)," and the symbol/code-word re-association information I(1) corresponding to code word C(1), provided by the reassociation information storing portion 12, is output, which is needed by the decoder. When "code word C(2)" is generated with respect to the second symbol, encoder 11 outputs "code word C(2)", and in the same manner storing portion 12 provides symbol/code-word re-association information I(2) corresponding to code word C(2) which is neededby the decoder. When "code word C(1)" is generated with respect to the third symbol, encoder 11 outputs "code word C(1)," and the symbol/code-word re-association information I(1) corresponding to code word C(1) need not be transmitted, since it hasalready been transmitted and, hence, is already specified to the decoder. In this manner, all of the symbols used in producing the re-associated code table are encoded. In another embodiment of the invention, the re-association information istransmitted prior to a symbol only when the symbol is transmitted for the first time. That is, symbol/code-word re-association information is output only for code words first encountered. As a result, even when a symbol is counted several timesinforming a re-associated code table, multiplexer 15 outputs only one set of symbol/code-word re-association information with respect to that symbol. Symbol/code-word re-association information with respect to those symbols that are not used inproducing the re-associated code table information, is not transmitted. The symbol/code-word re-association information indicative of the symbol code-word relation used in encoding, and the corresponding code words generated by the encoder are output tomultiplexer 15. Multiplexer 15 multiplexes and outputs code words C(n)'s corresponding to the input symbols and symbol/code-word re-association information I(n)'s in such a manner that the symbol/code-word re-association information is output first andthen all of the code words generated are output.
The present invention can be modified in the following manner, which, however, is not applied to the embodiment described above, rather than transmitting only one symbol/code-word re-association information I(n) with respect to multiple instancesof a same symbol previously generated, corresponding symbol/code-word re-association information is multiplexed and transmitted whenever a code word corresponding to a symbol that is the same as a previously generated symbol is transmitted.
Referring to FIG. 7, which shows a variable-length decoder, a second re-associating circuit 18 reads a previously pre-defined generated code table from a second storing portion 19, and stores the in a memory (not shown). When the code table isstored in the memory of second re-associating circuit 18, a demultiplexer 16 receives data output from multiplexer 15 shown in FIG. 4, and demultiplexes and outputs the data. More specifically, demultiplexer 16 divides received data into symbol/codeword re-association information and code words. Demultiplexer 16 outputs the symbol/code-word re-association information to second re-associating circuit 18, and outputs the code words to recorder 17. Second re-associating circuit 18 re-associates therelationship between the symbols and the code words of the code table previously established according to the symbol/code-word re-association information output from demultiplexer 16. The re-associated table is stored in a built-in memory (not sown). In the data output from demultiplexer 16, the symbol/code-word re-association information is output first and the corresponding code word is output later. Decoder 17 outputs a symbol corresponding to the code word.
Accordingly, in the present invention, even when the frequency of occurrence of symbols during a predetermined time period is different from that of symbols earlier used in constructing a code tale, the code length of the code words generated byvariable-length coding can be reduced. This decreases the amount of data transmitted or stored over that stored or transmitted when the previously generated pre-defined code table is used. Further, the present invention can efficiently transmitinformation for symbol/code-word re-association to a decoder, thus, increasing the compression efficiency of data transmitted to decoders.
While the present invention has been shown and described with reference to particular embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be effected therein without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.
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