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Double air-fuel ratio sensor system in internal combustion engine |
| RE33942 |
Double air-fuel ratio sensor system in internal combustion engine
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| Patent Drawings: | |
| Inventor: |
Katsuno, et al. |
| Date Issued: |
June 2, 1992 |
| Application: |
07/515,183 |
| Filed: |
April 26, 1990 |
| Inventors: |
Bessho; Hironori (Susono, JP)
Chujo; Yoshiki (Mishima, JP)
Hasegawa; Kohichi (Mishima, JP)
Katsuno; Toshiyasu (Susono, JP)
Kayanuma; Nobuaki (Gotenba, JP)
Masui; Takatoshi (Mishima, JP)
Nagai; Toshinari (Susono, JP)
Sato; Yasushi (Mishima, JP)
Tanahashi; Toshio (Susono, JP)
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| Assignee: |
Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Aichi, JP) |
| Primary Examiner: |
Dolinar; Andrew M. |
| Assistant Examiner: |
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| Attorney Or Agent: |
Oliff & Berridge |
| U.S. Class: |
123/479; 123/688; 123/691; 60/274; 60/276; 60/285 |
| Field Of Search: |
123/479; 123/440; 123/489; 123/589; 123/492; 60/276; 60/285; 60/274; 364/431.05 |
| International Class: |
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| U.S Patent Documents: |
3939654; 3962866; 4007589; 4027477; 4127088; 4130095; 4177787; 4235204; 4244340; 4251989; 4475517; 4502443; 4539958; 4561400; 4571683; 4622809 |
| Foreign Patent Documents: |
52-102934; 53-103796; 55-37562; 57-32772; 57-32773; 57-32774; 58-27848; 58-48755; 58-48756; 58-53661; 58-72646; 58-72647; 58-135343; 58-150038; 58-150039; 58-152147; 59-32644; 59-206638; 60-1340; 60-26138; 60-53635; 61-34330; 61-53436 |
| Other References: |
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| Abstract: |
In a double air-fuel ratio sensor system including two air-fuel ratio sensors upstream and downstream of a catalyst converter provided in an exhaust passage, the actual air-fuel ratio is adjusted in accordance with an air-fuel ratio correction amount calculated by using the output of the upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor and an air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter such as delay time periods, skip amounts, or integration amounts calculated by using the output of the downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and the calculation of the air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter is prohibited when the downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state. |
| Claim: |
We claim:
1. A method for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having catalyst means for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-sideair-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream and downstream, respectively, of said catalyst means for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, comprising the steps of:
comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of the output of saidupstream-side air-fuel ratio .Iadd.sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio .Iaddend.feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts bywhich said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state while continuing the calculation of the air-fuel ratio correction amount.
2. A method as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a step of activating an alarm when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state.
3. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determining step comprises a step of determining whether or not the output of said downstream-side air-fuel sensor crosses over a predeterminedvoltage, thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state after the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor crosses over said predetermined voltage and
wherein said predetermined voltage is set at an intermediate level between said second reference voltage of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor and a nonactive output level thereof; and
wherein said downstream-side air-fuel state determining step further comprises the steps of
calculating a time duration for which said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
determining whether or not the calculated time duration is longer than a predetermined time duration; and
changing said predetermined voltage when the calculated time duration is longer than said predetermined time duration.
4. A method as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a step of holding said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter immediately before said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is switched from a normal state to an abnormal state.
5. A method as set forth in claim 4, wherein said air-fuel ratio adjusting step adjusts the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said held air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter, whensaid downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state.
6. A method as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a step of holding said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter at a definite value when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state.
7. A method as set forth in claim 6, wherein said air-fuel ratio adjusting step adjusts the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said held air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter, whensaid downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state.
8. A method as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a step of forcibly changing the actual air-fuel ratio when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state.
9. A method as set forth in claim 8, further comprising a step of pulling down the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor via a resistor thereby generating a lean signal during a nonactive mode,
said air-fuel ratio forcible-change step changing the actual air-fuel ratio on the rich side.
10. A method as set forth in claim 9, further comprising a step of determining whether or not said engine is in an acceleration state,
said air-fuel ratio forcible-change step changing the actual air-fuel ratio on the rich side, only when said engine is in an acceleration state.
11. A method as set forth in claim 8, further comprising a step of pulling up the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor via a resistor thereby generating a rich signal during a nonactive mode,
said air-fuel ratio forcible-change step changing the actual air-fuel ratio on the lean side.
12. A method as set forth in claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
pulling down the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor via a resistor;
determining whether or not a fuel enrichment state of said engine continues for a predetermined time period;
said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state .[.predetermining.]. .Iadd.determining .Iaddend.step comprising a step of determining whether or not the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor indicates a lean signal, therebydetermining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor indicates a lean signal.
13. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said air-fuel correction amount calculating step comprises the steps of:
gradually decreasing said air-fuel ratio correction amount when the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the rich side with respect to said first predetermined reference voltage;
gradually increasing said air-fuel ratio correction amount when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the lean side with respect to said first predetermined reference voltage;
remarkably decreasing said air-fuel ratio correction amount when the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is switched from the lean side to the rich side; and
remarkably increasing said air-fuel ratio correction amount when the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is switched from the rich side to the lean side.
14. A method as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a step of delaying the result of the comparison of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage.
15. A method as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a step of delaying the result of the comparison of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said second predetermined reference voltage.
16. A method as set forth in claim 14, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter is determined by a rich delay time period in said delaying step for delaying the result of the comparison of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensorswitched from the lean side to the rich side and a lean delay time period in said delaying step for delaying the result of the comparison of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor switched from the rich side to the lean side.
17. A method as set forth in claim 16, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter calculating step comprises the steps of:
increasing said lean delay time period when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the rich side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage; and
decreasing said lean delay time period when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the lean side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage.
18. A method as set forth in claim 16, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter calculating step comprises the steps of:
decreasing said rich delay time period when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the rich side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage; and
increasing said rich delay time period when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the lean side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage.
19. A method as set forth in claim 16, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter calculating step comprises the steps of:
increasing said lean delay time period and decreasing said rich delay time period when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the rich side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage; and
decreasing said lean delay time period and increasing said rich delay time period when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the lean side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage.
20. A method as set forth in claim 13, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter is determined by a lean skip amount in said remarkable-decrease step and a rich skip amount in said remarkable-increase step.
21. A method as set forth in claim 20, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter calculating step comprises the steps of:
increasing said lean skip amount when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the rich side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage; and
decreasing said lean skip amount when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the lean side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage.
22. A method as set forth in claim 20, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter calculating step comprises the steps of:
decreasing said rich skip amount when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the rich side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage; and
increasing said rich skip amount when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the lean side with respect to said second predetermined value.
23. A method as set forth in claim 20, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter calculating step comprises the steps of:
increasing said lean skip amount and decreasing said rich skip amount when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the rich side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage; and
decreasing said lean skip amount and increasing said rich skip amount when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the lean side with respect to said second predetermined value.
24. A method as set forth in claim 20, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter is determined by the decreasing speed of said gradual-decrease step and the increasing speed of said gradual-increase step.
25. A method as set forth in claim 24, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter calculating step comprises the steps of:
increasing the decreasing speed of said gradual-decrease step when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the rich side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage; and
decreasing the decreasing speed of said gradual-decrease step when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the lean side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage.
26. A method as set forth in claim 24, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter calculating step comprises the steps of:
decreasing the increasing speed of said gradual-increase step when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the rich side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage; and
increasing the increasing speed of said gradual-increase step when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the lean side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage.
27. A method as set forth in claim 24, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter calculating step comprises the steps of:
increasing the decreasing speed of said gradual-decrease step and decreasing the increasing speed of said gradual-increase step when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the rich side with respect to said secondpredetermined reference voltage; and
decreasing the decreasing speed of said gradual-decrease step and increasing the increasing speed of said gradual-increase step when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the lean side with respect to said secondpredetermined reference voltage.
28. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is mounted on a water-cooled cylinder head portion of said engine.
29. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is of a semiconductor type which is mounted within a catalyst converter on a downstream-side of said catalyst means.
30. A method as set forth in claim 29, wherein said semiconductor type air-fuel ratio sensor is mounted in the center of said catalyst converter.
31. A method for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream and downstream,respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, comprising the steps of:
comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of the output of saidupstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts by which saidair-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
wherein said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determining step determines a normal or abnormal state of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor by a relationship between the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor and theoutput of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor.
32. A method as set forth in claim 31, wherein .Iadd.said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor having a flow-out type signal processing circuit, .Iaddend.said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determining step comprises the steps of:
determining whether or not said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich in accordance with the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
determining whether or not said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a lean signal;
counting a duration for which said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a lean signal when said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich; and
determining whether or not the duration is longer than a predetermined term,
thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state when the duration is longer than said predetermined term.
33. A method as set forth in claim 32, further comprising a step of releasing the operation of said prohibiting step when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor indicates a rich signal during an active mode.
34. A method as set forth in claim 32, wherein said determining step for determining whether said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich comprises the steps of calculating an average value or blunt value of the output of said upstream-sideair-fuel ratio sensor; and
determining whether or not the average value or blunt value of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than a predetermined value,
thereby determining a rich signal during an active mode for said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, when the average value or blunt value of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than said predetermined value.
35. A method as set forth in claim 31, wherein .Iadd.said downstream-side air-fuel sensor having a flow-in type signal processing circuit, .Iaddend.said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determining step comprises the steps of:
determining whether or not said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is .[.rich.]. .Iadd.lean .Iaddend.in accordance with the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
determining whether or not said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a .[.lean.]. .Iadd.rich .Iaddend.signal;
counting a duration for which said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a .[.lean.]. .Iadd.rich .Iaddend.signal when said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is .[.rich.]. .Iadd.lean.Iaddend.; and
determining whether or not said duration is longer than a predetermined term,
thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state when said duration is longer than said predetermined term.
36. A method as set forth in claim 35, further comprising a step of releasing the operation of said prohibiting step when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor indicates a lean signal during an active mode.
37. A method as set forth in claim 35, wherein said determining step for determining whether said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is lean comprises the steps of calculating an average value or blunt value of the output of said upstream-sideair-fuel ratio sensor; and
determining whether or not the average value or blunt value of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than a predetermined value,
thereby determining a lean signal during an active mode for said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, when the average value or blunt value of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than said predetermined value.
38. A method for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream and downstream,respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, comprising the steps of:
comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of the output of saidupstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts by which saidair-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
wherein said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determining step comprises the steps of:
determining whether or not the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is reversed;
counting the number of reversals of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor after each reversal of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
determining whether or not the number of reversals of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than a predetermined value,
thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state when the number of reversals of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than said predetermined value.
39. A method as set forth in claim 38, wherein said predetermined value is dependent upon the speed of said engine.
40. A method for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream and downstream,respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, .[.comprisingg.]. .Iadd.said downstream side air-fuel ratio sensor having a flow-out type signal processing circuit, the methodcomprising.Iaddend.:
comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of the output of saidupstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts by which saidair-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feed-back control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
wherein said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determining step determines a normal or abnormal state of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor by a relationship between the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor and theoutput of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
wherein said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determining step comprises the steps of:
determining whether or not said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich in accordance with the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
determining whether or not said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a lean signal; counting a duration for which said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a lean signal when said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich; and
determining whether or not the duration is longer than a predetermined term,
thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state when the duration is longer than said predetermined term;
wherein said determining step for determining whether said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich comprises the steps of calculating an average value or blunt value of maximum values of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
determining whether or not the average value or blunt value of maximum values of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than a predetermined value,
thereby determining a rich signal during an active mode for said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, when the average value or the blunt value of maximum values of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than saidpredetermined value.
41. A method for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream and downstream,respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, .Iadd.said downstream side air-fuel ratio sensor having a flow-out type signal processing circuit, the method .Iaddend.comprising the stepsof:
comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of the output of saidupstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts by which saidair-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
wherein said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determining step determines a normal or abnormal state of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor by a relationship between the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor and theoutput of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
wherein said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determining step comprises the steps of:
determining whether or not said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich in accordance with the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
determining whether or not said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a lean signal;
counting a duration for which said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a lean signal when said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich; and
determining whether or not the duration is longer than a predetermined term,
thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state when the duration is longer than said predetermined term;
wherein said determining step for determining whether said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich comprises the steps of calculating an average value or blunt value of duty ratios of a rich signal in the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratiosensor; and
determining whether or not the average value or blunt value of duty ratios of a rich signal in the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than a predetermined value,
thereby determining a rich signal during an active mode for said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, when the average value or the blunt value of duty ratios of a rich signal in the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smallerthan said predetermined value.
42. A method for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream and downstream,respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, .Iadd.said downstream side air-fuel ratio sensor having a flow-out type signal processing circuit, the method .Iaddend.comprising the stepsof:
comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of the output of saidupstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts by which saidair-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
wherein said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determining step determines a normal or abnormal state of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor by a relationship between the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor and theoutput of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
wherein said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determining step comprises the steps of:
determining whether or not said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich in accordance with the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
determining whether or not said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a lean signal;
counting a duration for which said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a lean signal when said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich; and
determining whether or not the duration is longer than a predetermined term,
thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state when the duration is longer than said predetermined term;
wherein said determining step for determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio is lean comprises the steps of calculating an average value or blunt value of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
determining whether or not the average value or blunt value of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than a predetermined value,
thereby determining a lean signal for said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, when the average value or the blunt value of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than said predetermined value.
43. A method for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream and downstream,respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, .Iadd.said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor having a flow-in type signal processing circuit, the method .Iaddend.comprising the stepsof:
comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of the output of saidupstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts by which saidair-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
wherein said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determining step determines a normal or abnormal state of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor by a relationship between the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor and theoutput of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
wherein said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determining step comprises the steps of:
determining whether or not said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is .[.rich.]. .Iadd.lean .Iaddend.in accordance with the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
determining whether or not said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a .[.lean.]. .Iadd.rich .Iaddend.signal;
counting a duration for which said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a .[.lean.]. .Iadd.rich .Iaddend.signal when said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is .[.rich.]. .Iadd.lean.Iaddend.; and
determining whether or not the duration is longer than a predetermined term,
thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state when the duration is longer than said predetermined term;
wherein said determining step for determining whether said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is lean comprises the steps of:
calculating an average value or a blunt value of minimum values of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
determining whether or not the average value or blunt value of minimum values of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than a predetermined value,
thereby determining a lean signal during an active mode for said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, when the average value or blunt value of minimum values of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than saidpredetermined value.
44. A method for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream and downstream,respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, .Iadd.said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor having a flow-in type signal processing circuit, the method .Iaddend.comprising the stepsof:
comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of the output of saidupstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts by which saidair-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
wherein said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determining step determines a normal or abnormal state of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor by a relationship between the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor and theoutput of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
wherein said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determining step comprises the steps of:
determining whether or not said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is .[.rich.]. .Iadd.lean .Iaddend.in accordance with the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
determining whether or not said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a .[.lean.]. .Iadd.rich .Iaddend.signal;
counting a duration for which said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a .[.lean.]. .Iadd.rich .Iaddend.signal when said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is .[.rich.]. .Iadd.lean; .Iaddend.and
determining whether or not the duration is longer than a predetermined term,
thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state when the duration is longer than said predetermined term;
wherein said determining step for determining whether said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is lean comprises the steps of:
calculating an average value or blunt value of duty ratios of a lean signal in the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
determining whether or not the average value or blunt value of duty ratios of a lean signal in the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than a predetermined value,
thereby determining a lean signal during an active mode for said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, when the average value or blunt value of duty ratios of a lean signal in the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller thansaid predetermined value.
45. A method for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream and downstream,respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, .Iadd.the downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor having a flow-in type signal processing circuit, the method .Iaddend.comprising the stepsof:
comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of the output of saidupstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts by which saidair-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
wherein said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determining step determines a normal or abnormal state of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor by a relationship between the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor and theoutput of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
wherein said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determining step comprises the steps of:
determining whether or not said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is .[.rich.]. .Iadd.lean .Iaddend.in accordance with the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
determining whether or not said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a .[.lean.]. .Iadd.rich .Iaddend.signal;
counting a duration for which said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a .[.lean.]. .Iadd.rich .Iaddend.signal when said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is .[.rich.]. .Iadd.lean.Iaddend.; and
determining whether or not the duration is longer than a predetermined term,
thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state when the duration is longer than said predetermined term;
wherein said determining step for determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich comprises the steps of:
calculating an average value or blunt value of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
determining whether or not the average value or blunt value of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is .[.longer.]. .Iadd.larger .Iaddend.than a predetermined value,
thereby determining a rich signal for said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, when the average value or blunt value of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than said predetermined value.
46. A method for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream and downstream,respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, comprising the steps of:
comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of the output of saidupstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts by which saidair-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
wherein said downstream-side, air-fuel ratio sensor state determining step comprises the steps of:
calculating an amplitude of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
determining whether or not the amplitude of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than a predetermined amplitude;
calculating a period of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
determining whether or not the period of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than a predetermined period,
thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state, when the amplitude of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than said predetermined amplitude, and the period of the outputof said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than said predetermined period.
47. A method for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream and downstream,respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, comprising the steps of:
comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of the output of saidupstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts by which saidair-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
wherein said downstream side air-fuel ratio sensor state determining step comprises the steps of:
calculating an amplitude of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
determining whether or not the amplitude of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than a predetermined amplitude;
calculating a period of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
calculating a period of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
calculating the ratio of the period of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor to the period of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
determining whether the calculated ratio is larger than a predetermined ratio,
thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state, when the amplitude of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than said predetermined amplitude, and the calculated ratio islarger than said predetermined ratio.
48. A method for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream and downstream,respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, comprising the steps of:
comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of the output of saidupstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts by which saidair-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
wherein said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determining step comprises the step of:
calculating a minimum level of the output of said downstream-side air fuel ratio sensor during a predetermined time period;
calculating a maximum level of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor during said predetermined time period;
calculating a difference between the maximum and minimum levels of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor during said predetermined time period; and
determining whether or not said difference is larger than a predetermined value;
thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state, when said difference is larger than said predetermined value.
49. A method as set forth in claim 48, wherein said predetermined time period is dependent upon the load of said engine.
50. A method as set forth in claim 48, wherein said predetermined value is dependent upon the load of said engine.
51. A method for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream and downstream,respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, comprising the steps of:
comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result in the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of the output of saidupstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts by which saidair-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state;
prohibiting the calculating of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
calculating an average value or blunt value of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state;
holding the average value of blunt value of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state; and
adjusting an actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feed back correction amount and said calculated air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state, or inaccordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said held average or blunt value as said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is an abnormal state.
52. A method for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream and downstream, respectively, ofsaid catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, comprising the steps of:
comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of the output of saidupstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts by which saidair-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
renewing an average value or blunt value of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state;
holding the average value or blunt value of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state; and
further comprising a step of determining whether or not a vehicle speed is within a predetermined range,
said renewing step renewing said average value or blunt value of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter only when the vehicle speed is within said predetermined range.
53. A method for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream and downstream,respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, comprising the steps of:
comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of the output of saidupstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts by which said air-fuelratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
forcibly changing the actual air-fuel ratio when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
pulling down the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor via a resistor thereby generating a lean signal during a nonactive mode,
said air-fuel ratio forcible-change step changing the actual air-fuel ratio on the rich side;
further comprising a step of determining whether or not a predetermined time period has passed after a coolant temperature of said engine becomes higher than a predetermined temperature,
said air-fuel ratio forcible-change step changing the actual air-fuel ratio on the rich side, only when said predetermined time period has passed.
54. A method for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor disposed upstream and downstream,respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, comprising the steps of:
comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of the output of saidupstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount it skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts by which saidair-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter; determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or inan abnormal state; and
prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
forcibly changing the actual air-fuel ratio when said downstream-side air-fuel sensor is in an abnormal state;
pulling up the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor via a resistor thereby generating a rich signal during a nonactive mode,
said air-fuel ratio forcible-change step changing the actual air-fuel ratio on the lean side;
further comprising a step of determining whether or not a predetermined time period has passed after the coolant temperature of said engine becomes higher then a predetermined temperature,
said air-fuel ratio forcible-changing step changing the actual air-fuel ratio on the rich side, only when said predetermined time period has passed.
55. An apparatus for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an interval combustion engine having catalyst means for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream and downstream,respectively, of said catalyst means for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, comprising:
means for comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
means for calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with a comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel radio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
means for comparing the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
means for calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of theoutput of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio .Iadd.sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback .Iaddend.correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, andintegration amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel sensor;
means for adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
means for determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
means for prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state while continuing the calculation .[.fo.]. .Iadd.of .Iaddend.the air-fuel ratiocorrection amount.
56. An apparatus as set forth in claim 55, further comprising means for activating an alarm when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state.
57. An apparatus as set forth in claim 55, wherein said downstream-side air fuel sensor state determining means comprises means for determining whether or not the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor crosses over a predeterminedvoltage, thereby determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state after the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor crosses over said predetermined voltage;
wherein said predetermined voltage is set at an intermediate level between said second reference voltage of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor and a nonactive output level thereof; and
wherein said downstream side air-fuel ratio state determining means further comprises:
means for calculating a time duration when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
means for determining whether or not the calculated time duration is longer than a predetermined time duration; and
means for changing said predetermined voltage when the calculated time is longer than said predetermined time duration.
58. An apparatus as set forth in claim 55, further comprising means for holding said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter immediately before said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is switched from a normal state to an abnormal state.
59. An apparatus as set forth in claim 58, wherein said air-fuel ratio adjusting means adjusts the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said held air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter,when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state.
60. An apparatus as set forth in claim 55, further comprising means for holding said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter at a definite value when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state.
61. An apparatus as set forth in claim 60, wherein said air-fuel ratio adjusting means adjusts the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said held air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter,when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state.
62. An apparatus as set forth in claim 55, further comprising means for forcibly changing the actual air-fuel ratio when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state.
63. An apparatus as set forth in claim 62, further comprising means for pulling down the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor via a resistor thereby generating a lean signal during a nonactive mode,
said air-fuel ratio forcible-change means changing the actual air-fuel ratio on the rich side.
64. An apparatus as set forth in claim 63, further comprising means for determining whether or not said engine is in an acceleration state,
said air-fuel ratio forcible-change means changing the actual air-fuel ratio on the rich side, only when said engine is in an acceleration state.
65. An apparatus as set forth in claim 62, further comprising means for pulling up the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor via a resistor thereby generating a rich signal during a nonactive mode, said air-fuel ratioforcible-change means changing the actual air-fuel ratio on the lean side.
66. An apparatus as set forth in claim 55, further comprising:
means for pulling down the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor via a resistor;
means for determining whether or not a fuel enrichment state of said engine continues for a predetermined time period;
said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determining means comprising means for determining whether or not the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor indicates a lean signal, thereby determining that said downstream-sideair-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor indicates a lean signal.
67. An apparatus as set forth in claim 55, wherein said air-fuel correction amount calculating means comprises:
means for gradually decreasing said air-fuel ratio correction amount when the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the rich side with respect to said first predetermined reference voltage;
means for gradually increasing said air-fuel ratio correction amount when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the lean side with respect to said first predetermined reference voltage;
means for remarkably decreasing said air-fuel ratio correction amount when the output of said upsteam-side air-fuel ratio sensor is switched from the lean side to the rich side; and
means for remarkably increasing said air-fuel ratio correction amount when the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is switched from the rich side to the lean side.
68. An apparatus as set forth in claim 55, further comprising means for delaying the result of the comparison of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage.
69. An apparatus as set forth in claim 55, further comprising means for delaying the result of the comparison of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said second predetermined reference voltage.
70. An apparatus as set forth in claim 68, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter is determined by a rich delay time period in said delaying means for delaying the result of the comparison of said upsteam-side air-fuel ratiosensor switched from the lean side to the rich side and a lean delay time period in said delaying means for delaying the result of the comparison of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor switched from the rich side to the lean side.
71. An apparatus as set forth in claim 70, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter calculating means comprises:
means for increasing said lean delay time period when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the rich side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage; and
means for decreasing said lean delay time period when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the lean side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage.
72. An apparatus as set forth in claim 70, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter calculating means comprises:
means for decreasing said rich delay time period when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the rich side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage; and
means for increasing said rich delay time period when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the lean side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage.
73. An apparatus as set forth in claim 70, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter calculating means comprises:
means for increasing said lean delay time period and decreasing said rich delay time period when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the rich side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage; and
means for decreasing said lean delay time period and increasing said rich delay time period when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the lean side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage.
74. An apparatus as set forth in claim 67, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter is determined by a lean skip amount in said remarkable-decrease means and a rich skip amount in said remarkable-increase means.
75. An apparatus as set forth in claim 74, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter calculating means comprises:
means for increasing said lean skip amount when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the rich side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage; and
means for decreasing said lean skip amount when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the lean side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage.
76. An apparatus as set forth in claim 74, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter calculating means comprises:
means for decreasing said rich skip amount when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the rich side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage; and
means for increasing said rich skip amount when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the lean side with respect to said second predetermined voltage.
77. An apparatus as set forth in claim 74, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter calculating means comprises:
means for increasing said lean skip amount and decreasing said rich skip amount when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the rich side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage; and
means for decreasing said lean skip amount and increasing said rich skip amount when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the lean side with respect to said second predetermined voltage.
78. An apparatus as set forth in claim 74, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter is determined by the decreasing speed of said gradually-decreasing means and the increasing speed of said gradually-increasing means.
79. An apparatus as set forth in claim 78, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter calculating means comprises:
means for increasing the decreasing speed of said gradually-decreasing means when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the rich side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage; and
means for decreasing the decreasing speed of said gradually-decreasing means when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the lean side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage.
80. An apparatus as set forth in claim 78, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter calculating means comprises:
means for decreasing the increasing speed of said gradual-increase means when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the rich side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage; and
means for increasing the increasing speed of said gradual-increase means when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the lean side with respect to said second predetermined reference voltage.
81. An apparatus as set forth in claim 78, wherein said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter calculating means comprises:
means for increasing the decreasing speed of said gradual-decrease means and decreasing the increasing speed of said gradual-increase means when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the rich side with respect to saidsecond predetermined reference voltage; and
means for decreasing the decreasing speed of said gradual-decrease means and increasing the increasing speed of said gradual-increase means when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is on the lean side with respect to saidsecond predetermined reference voltage.
82. An apparatus as set forth in claim 55, wherein said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is mounted on a water-cooled cylinder head portion of said engine.
83. An apparatus as set forth in claim 55, wherein said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is of a semi-conductor type which is mounted within a catalyst converter on a downstream-side of said catalyst means.
84. An apparatus as set forth in claim 83, wherein said semiconductor type air-fuel ratio sensor is mounted in the center of said catalyst converter.
85. An apparatus for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream anddownstream, respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, comprising:
means for comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
means for calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage; means for comparing an outputof said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
means for calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of theoutput of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts bywhich said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
means for adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
means for determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
means for prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
wherein said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determining means determines a normal or abnormal state of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor by a relationship between the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor andthe output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor.
86. An apparatus as set forth in claim 85, wherein .Iadd.said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor having a flow-out type signal processing circuit, and .Iaddend.said means for determining said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor statecomprises:
means for determining whether or not said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich in accordance with the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
means for determining whether or not said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a lean signal;
means for counting a duration for which said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a lean signal when said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich; and
means for determining whether or not the duration is longer than a predetermined term,
thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state when the duration is longer than said predetermined term.
87. An apparatus as set forth in claim 86, further comprising means for releasing the operation of said prohibiting means when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor indicates a rich signal during an active mode.
88. An apparatus as set forth in claim 86, wherein said means for determining whether said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich comprises:
means for calculating an average value or blunt value of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
means for determining whether or not the average value or blunt value of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than a predetermined value.
thereby determining a rich signal during an active mode for said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, when the average value or blunt value of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than said predetermined value.
89. An apparatus as set forth in claim 85,
wherein .Iadd.said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor having a flow-in type signal processing circuit, and .Iaddend.said means for determining said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state comprises:
means for determining whether or not said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is .[.rich.]. .Iadd.lean .Iaddend.in accordance with the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
means for determining whether or not said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a .[.lean.]. .Iadd.rich .Iaddend.signal;
means for counting a duration for which said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a .[.lean.]. .Iadd.rich .Iaddend.signal when said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is .[.rich.]. .Iadd.lean; .Iaddend.and
means for determining whether or not said duration is longer than a predetermined term,
thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state when said duration is longer than said predetermined term.
90. An apparatus as set forth in claim 89, further comprising means for releasing the operation of said prohibiting means when the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor indicates a lean signal during an active mode.
91. An apparatus as set forth in claim 89, wherein said means for determining whether said upstream side air-fuel ratio is lean comprises;
means for calculating an average value or blunt value of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
means for determining whether or not the average value or blunt value of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than a predetermined value,
thereby determining a lean signal during an active mode for said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, when the average value or blunt value of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than said predetermined value.
92. An apparatus for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream anddownstream, respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, comprising:
means for comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
means for calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
means for comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
means for calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of theoutput of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts bywhich said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
means for adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
means for determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
means for prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
wherein said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determining means comprises:
means for determining whether or not the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is reversed;
means for counting the number of reversals of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor after each reversal of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
means for determining whether or not the number of reversals of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than a predetermined value,
thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state when the number of reversals of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than said predetermined value.
93. An apparatus as set forth in claim 92, wherein said predetermined value is dependent upon the speed of said engine.
94. An apparatus for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream anddownstream, respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, .Iadd.said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor having a flow-out type signal processing circuit, the apparatus.Iaddend.comprising:
means for comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
means for calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
means for comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
means for calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of theoutput of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts bywhich said air-fuel feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
means for adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
means for determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
means for prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
wherein said means for determining said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determines a normal or abnormal state of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor by a relationship between the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratiosensor and the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
wherein said means for determining said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state comprises:
means for determining whether or not said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich in accordance with the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
means for determining whether or not said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a lean signal;
means for counting a duration for which said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a lean signal when said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich; and
means for determining whether or not the duration is longer than a predetermined term,
thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state when the duration is longer than said predetermined term;
wherein said means for determining whether said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich comprises:
means for calculating an average value or blunt value of maximum values of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
means for determining whether or not the average value or blunt value of maximum values of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than a predetermined value,
thereby determining a rich signal during an active mode for said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, when the average value or blunt value of maximum values of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than saidpredetermined value.
95. An apparatus for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream anddownstream, respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, .Iadd.said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor having a flow-out type signal processing circuit, the apparatus.Iaddend.comprising:
means for comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
means for calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
means for comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
means for calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of theoutput of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts bywhich said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
means for adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
means for determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
means for prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
wherein said means for determining said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determines a normal or abnormal state of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor by a relationship between the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratiosensor and the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
wherein said means for determining said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state comprises:
means for determining whether or not said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich in accordance with the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
means for determining whether or not said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a lean signal;
means for counting a duration for which said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a lean signal when said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich; and
means for determining whether or not the duration is longer than a predetermined term,
thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state when the duration is longer than said predetermined term;
wherein said means for determining whether said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich comprises:
means for calculating an average value or blunt value of duty ratios of a rich signal in the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
means for determining whether or not the average value or blunt value of duty ratios of a rich signal in the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than a predetermined value,
thereby determining a rich signal during an active mode for said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, when the average value or blunt value of duty ratios of a rich signal in the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller thansaid predetermined value.
96. An apparatus for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream anddownstream, respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, .Iadd.said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor having a flow-out type signal processing circuit, the apparatus.Iaddend.comprising:
means for comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
means for calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
means for comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
means for calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of theoutput of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts bywhich said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
means for adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
means for determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
means for prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
wherein said means for determining said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determines a normal or abnormal state of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor by a relationship between the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratiosensor and the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
wherein said means for determining said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state comprises:
means for determining whether or not said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich is accordance with the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
means for determining whether or not said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a lean signal;
means for counting a duration for which said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a lean signal when said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is rich; and
means for determining whether or not the duration is longer than a predetermined term,
thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state when the duration is longer than said predetermined term; wherein said means for determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio is leancomprises:
means for calculating an average value or blunt value of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
means for determining whether or not the average value or blunt value of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than a predetermined value,
thereby determined a lean signal for said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, when the average value or blunt value of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than said predetermined value.
97. An apparatus for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream anddownstream, respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, .Iadd.said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor having a flow-in type signal processing circuit, the apparatus.Iaddend.comprising:
means for comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
means for calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
means for comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
means for calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of theoutput of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts bywhich said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
means for adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
means for determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
means for prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
wherein said means for determining said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determines a normal or abnormal state of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor by a relationship between the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratiosensor and the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
wherein said means for determining said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state comprises:
means for determining whether or not said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is .[.rich.]. .Iadd.lean .Iaddend.in accordance with the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
means for determining whether or not said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a .[.lean.]. .Iadd.rich .Iaddend.signal;
means for counting a duration for which said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a .[.lean.]. .Iadd.rich .Iaddend.signal when said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is .[.rich.]. .Iadd.lean.Iaddend.; and
means for determining whether or not the duration is longer than a predetermined term,
thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state when the duration is longer than said predetermined term;
wherein said means for determining whether said upstream side air-fuel ratio is lean comprises:
means for calculating an average value or a blunt value of minimum values of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
means for determining whether or not the average value or blunt value of minimum values of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than a predetermined value,
thereby determining a lean signal during an active mode for said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, when the average value or blunt value of minimum values of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than saidpredetermined value.
98. An apparatus for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engie having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream anddownstream, respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, .Iadd.said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor having a flow-in type signal processing circuit, the apparatus.Iaddend.comprising:
means for comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
means for calculating on air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
means for comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
means for calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of the outputof said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts by whichsaid air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
means for adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
means for determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
means for prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
wherein said means for determining said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determines a normal or abnormal state of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor by a relationship between the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratiosensor and the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
wherein said means for determining said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state comprises:
means for determining whether or not said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is .[.rich.]. .Iadd.lean .Iaddend.in accordance with the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
means for determining whether or not said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a .[.lean.]. .Iadd.rich .Iaddend.signal;
means for counting a duration for which said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a .[.lean.]. .Iadd.rich .Iaddend.signal when said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is .[.rich.]. .Iadd.lean.Iaddend.; and
means for determining whether or not the duration is longer than a predetermined term,
thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state when the duration is longer than said predetermined term;
where said means for determining whether said upstream side air-fuel ratio is lean comprises:
means for calculating an average value or blunt value of duty ratios of a lean signal in the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
means for determining whether or not the average value or blunt value of duty ratios of a lean signal in the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than a predetermined value,
thereby determining a lean signal during an active mode for said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, when the average value or blunt value of duty ratios of a lean signal in the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller thansaid predetermined value.
99. An apparatus for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream anddownstream, respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, .Iadd.said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor having a flow-in type signal processing circuit, the apparatus.Iaddend.comprising:
means for comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
means for calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
means for comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
means for calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of theoutput of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts bywhich said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
means for adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
means for determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
means for prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
wherein said means for determining said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state determines a normal or abnormal state of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor by a relationship between the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratiosensor and the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
wherein said means for determining said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor state comprises:
means for determining whether or not said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is .[.rich.]. .Iadd.lean .Iaddend.in accordance with the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
means for determining whether or not said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a .[.lean.]. .Iadd.rich .Iaddend.signal;
means for counting a duration for which said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor outputs a .[.lean.]. .Iadd.rich .Iaddend.signal when said upstream-side air-fuel ratio is .[.rich.]. .Iadd.lean.Iaddend.; and
means for determining whether or not the duration is longer than a predetermined term,
thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state when the duration is longer than said predetermined term;
wherein said means for determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio in rich comprises:
means for calculating an average value or blunt value of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
means for determining whether or not the average value or blunt value of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is .[.longer.]. .Iadd.larger .Iaddend.than a predetermined value,
thereby determining a rich signal for said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor when the average value or blunt value of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than said predetermined value.
100. An apparatus for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream anddownstream, respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, comprising:
means for comparing an output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a first predetermined reference voltage;
means for calculating an air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with said first predetermined reference voltage;
means for comparing an output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor with a second predetermined reference voltage;
means for calculating, in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel sensor, at least one air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter of delay time periods for which the comparison result of the output ofsaid upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is delayed, skip amounts by which said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amounts is skipped at a switching of the comparison result of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor, and integration amounts by whichsaid air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount is gradually changed in accordance with the comparison result of the output of said upstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
means for adjusting the actual air-fuel ratio in accordance with said air-fuel ratio feedback correction amount and said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter;
means for determining whether said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in a normal state or in an abnormal state; and
means for prohibiting the calculation of said air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter when said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state;
wherein said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor determining means comprises:
means for calculating an amplitude of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor;
means for determining whether or not the amplitude of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than a predetermined value;
means for calculating a period of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor; and
means for determining whether or not the period of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than a predetermined period;
thereby determining that said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is in an abnormal state, when the amplitude of the output of said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than said predetermined amplitude, and theperiod of the outputof said downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than said predetermined period.
101. An apparatus for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine having a catalyst converter for removing pollutants in an exhaust gas, and upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors disposed upstream anddownstream, respectively, of said catalyst converter for detecting a concentration of a specific component in the exhaust gas, comprisin | | | |
