 |
|
 |
| |
 |
Twin hull variable draft drilling vessel |
| RE29167 |
Twin hull variable draft drilling vessel
|
|
| Patent Drawings: | |
| Inventor: |
Lloyd, III |
| Date Issued: |
April 5, 1977 |
| Application: |
05/577,674 |
| Filed: |
May 15, 1975 |
| Inventors: |
Lloyd, III; Samuel Harry (Mill Valley, CA)
|
| Assignee: |
Santa Fe International Corporation (Los Angeles, CA) |
| Primary Examiner: |
Halvosa; George E. A. |
| Assistant Examiner: |
Goldstein; Stuart M. |
| Attorney Or Agent: |
LeBlanc & Shur |
| U.S. Class: |
114/264 |
| Field Of Search: |
; 114/.5D; 114/.5R; 114/43.5R; 114/43.5VC; 114/43.5AC; 114/125; 61/46.5 |
| International Class: |
|
| U.S Patent Documents: |
2375286; 2973046; 3246476; 3273526; 3279407; 3294051; 3385069; 3397545; 3490406 |
| Foreign Patent Documents: |
|
| Other References: |
|
|
| Abstract: |
The vessel comprises a pair of laterally spaced elongated hulls having a plurality of upstanding columns spaced therealong supporting a working platform in spaced relation above the hulls a distance slightly greater than the maximum anticipated wave height. The hulls buoyantly support the vessel in a low draft floating condition with the hulls having freeboard. The hulls have ballast compartments to submerge the hulls and portions of the stabilizing columns to a distance of approximately half the effective height of the stabilizing columns which is slightly greater than maximum anticipated wave height, to maintain the vessel in a high draft floating condition with the platform elevated above the waterline. The columns stabilize the vessel in the high draft condition about roll and pitch axes. The working platform mounts either a drilling rig or a heavy duty crane or like operational equipment along the centerline of the vessel..[.This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 666,395, filed Sept. 8, 1967 and now abandoned..]..Iadd. |
| Claim: |
What is claimed and desired to be secured by United States Letters Patent is:
1. A variable draft vessel comprising:
a pair of elongated hulls disposed in side-by-side spaced substantially parallel relation one to the other;
a working platform;
means connected to said hulls and said platform to support said platform in spaced relation above said hulls;
said connecting means including at least six upstanding stabilizing columns disposed on said hulls, a pair of said columns being located adjacent opposite ends of said hulls on opposite sides of the pitch axis of the vessel, at least threecolumns being located on each hull and on opposite sides of the roll axis of the vessel;
said hulls having a combined displacement sufficient to float the vessel in a low draft condition with the hulls having freeboard;
and means for ballasting and deballasting the vessel to respectively submerge the hulls and portions of said connecting means below said platform below the waterline thereby to provide a high draft condition and refloat the vessel with the hullshaving freeboard, the displacement of the submerged hulls and portions of said connecting means being sufficient to maintain the vessel buoyant in the high draft condition;
said connecting means being spaced one from the other to provide an open frame area between the components thereof and between said platform and said hulls;
the cross sectional area and configuration of said columns, the weight distribution of the vessel, and the geometry of the submerged hulls and portions of said connecting means being such as to maintain the natural period of the vessel in thehigh draft condition no less than six seconds;
said vessel having a length to width ratio of at least 2 to 1;
said stabilizing columns being connected to said hulls on the outboard sides thereof with the distance between the pitch axis and the centroid of the stabilizing columns on opposite sides of the pitch axis being greater than the transversedistance between the roll axis and the centroid of the stabilizing columns on opposite sides of the roll axis, said stabilizing columns having outboard portions thereof which extend transversely beyond the outboard sides of the respective hulls therebyproviding increased moment for stabilizing action about the roll axis.
2. A variable draft vessel comprising:
a pair of elongated hulls disposed in side-by-side spaced substantially parallel relation one to the other;
a working platform;
means connected to said hulls and said platform to support said platform in spaced relation above said hulls; said connecting means including at least four stabilizing columns located on said hulls with a pair of said columns on each of theopposite sides of the respective pitch and roll axes of the vessel;
said hulls having a combined displacement sufficient to float the vessel in a low draft condition with the hulls having freeboard;
and means for ballasting and deballasting the vessel to respectively submerge the hulls and portions of said connecting means below said platform below the waterline thereby to provide a high draft condition and refloat the vessel with the hullshaving freeboard, the displacement of the submerged hulls and portions of said connecting means being sufficient to maintain the vessel buoyant in the high draft condition;
said connecting means being spaced one from the other to provide an open frame area between the components thereof, and between said hulls and said platform;
the cross sectional area and configuration of the columns, the weight distribution of the vessel, and the geometry of the submerged hulls and portions of said connecting means being such as to maintain the natural period of the vessel in the highdraft condition no less than 6 seconds; said stabilizing columns being connected to said hulls on the outboard sides thereof with the distance between the pitch axis and the centroid of the stabilizing columns on opposite sides of the pitch axis beinggreater than the transverse distance between the roll axis to the centroid of the stabilizing columns on opposite sides of the roll axis, said stabilizing columns having outboard portions thereof which extend transversely beyond the outboard sides of therespective hulls thereby providing increased moment for stabilizing action about the roll axis.
3. A variable draft vessel comprising:
a pair of elongated hulls disposed-in side-by-side spaced substantially parallel relation one to the other;
a working platform;
a plurality of elements upstanding from said hulls with at least a portion of said elements being connected to said platform to support the platform in spaced relation above the hulls a predetermined height at least equal to the height of themaximum anticipated wave; at least a portion of said upstanding elements including at least six stabilizing columns disposed on said hulls and upstanding therefrom a predetermined effective height at least equal to the height of the maximum anticipatedwave, a pair of said columns being located adjacent opposite ends of said hulls on opposite sides of the pitch axis of the vessel, at least three columns being located on each hull and on opposite sides of the roll axis of the vessel;
said hulls having a combined displacement sufficient to float the vessel in a low draft condition with the hulls having freeboard;
and means for ballasting and deballasting the vessel to respectively submerge the hulls and portions of said elements below the waterline thereby to provide a high draft condition and refloat the vessel with the hulls having freeboard, thedisplacement of the submerged hulls and portions of said elements being sufficient to maintain the vessel buoyant in the high draft condition;
said elements being spaced one from the other to provide an open frame area therebetween and between said platform and hulls;
the cross sectional area and configuration of the columns, the weight distribution of the vessel and the geometry of the submerged hulls and portions of said elements being such as to maintain the natural period of the vessel in the high draftcondition no less than 6 seconds;
said vessel having a length to width ratio of at least 2 and 1;
the displacement of the submerged hulls and portions of said elements being sufficient to maintain the vessel buoyant in the high draft condition with the mean waterline located a distance above the hulls at substantially one-half the effectiveheight of said stabilizing columns;
said stabilizing columns being connected to said hulls on the outboard sides thereof with the distance between the pitch axis and the centroid of the stabilizing columns on opposite sides of the pitch axis being greater than the transversedistance between the roll axis and the centroid of the stabilizing columns on opposite sides of the roll axis, said stabilizing columns having outboard portions thereof which extend transversely beyond the outboard sides of the respective hulls therebyproviding increased moment for stabilizing action about the roll axis.
4. A variable draft vessel comprising: no more than two hulls disposed in side-by-side spaced substantially parallel relation one to the other;
a working platform;
means connected to said hulls and said platform to support said platform in spaced relation above said hulls a predetermined height at least equal to the height of the maximum anticipated wave, said connecting means including at least sixupstanding stabilizing columns disposed on said hulls and upstanding therefrom a predetermined effective height of at least equal to the height of the maximum anticipated wave, a pair of said columns being located adjacent opposite ends of said hulls onopposite sides of the pitch axis of the vessel, at least three columns being located on each hull and on opposite sides of the roll axis of the vessel;
said hulls having a combined displacement sufficient to float the vessel in a low draft condition with the hulls having freeboard;
and means for ballasting and deballasting the vessel to respectively submerge the hulls and portions of the connecting means below said platform below the waterline thereby to provide a high draft condition and refloat the vessel with the hullshaving freeboard, the displacement of the submerged hulls and portions of said connecting means being sufficient to maintain the vessel buoyant in the high draft condition;
said connecting means being spaced one from the other to provide an open frame area between the components thereof and between said platform and said hulls;
said vessel having a length to width ratio of at least 2 to 1;
said stabilizing columns being connected to said hulls on the outboard sides thereof with the distance between the pitch axis and the centroid of the stabilizing columns on opposite sides of the pitch axis being greater than the transversedistance between the roll axis and the centroid of the stabilizing columns on opposite sides of the roll axis, said stabilizing columns having outboard portions thereof which extend transversely beyond the outboard sides of the respective hulls therebyproviding increased moment for stabilizing action about the roll axis.
5. A variable draft vessel comprising:
no more than two hulls disposed in side-by-side spaced substantially parallel relation one to the other;
a working platform;
means connected to said hulls and to said platform to support said platform in spaced relation above said hulls a predetermined height at least equal to the height of the maximum anticipated wave, said connecting means including at last sixupstanding stabilizing columns disposed on said hulls and upstanding therefrom a predetermined effective height at least equal to the height of the maximum anticipated wave, a pair of said columns being located adjacent opposite ends of said hulls onopposite sides of the pitch axis of the vessel, at least three columns being located on each hull and on opposite sides of the roll axis of the vessel with the cross sectional area of said columns being substantially constant throughout the effectiveheight thereof;
said hulls having a combined displacement sufficient to float the vessel in a low draft condition with the hulls having freeboard;
and means for ballasting and deballasting the vessel to respectively submerge the hulls and portions of said connecting means below the waterline thereby to provide a high draft condition and refloat the vessel with the hulls having freeboard,the displacement of the submerged hulls and portions of said connecting means being sufficient to maintain the vessel buoyant in the high draft condition with the mean waterline located a distance above the hulls at substantially one-half the effectiveheight of said stabilizing columns;
said connecting means being spaced one from the other to provide an open frame area between the components thereof and between said platform and said hulls;
the cross sectional area and configuration of said columns, the weight distribution of the vessel and the geometry of the submerged hulls and portions of said connecting means being such as to maintain the natural period of the vessel in the highdraft condition no less than 6 seconds;
said vessel having a length to width ratio of at least 2 to 1;
said stabilizing columns being connected to said hulls on the outboard sides thereof with the distance between the pitch axis and the centroid of the stabilizing columns on opposite sides of the pitch axis being greater than the transversedistance between the roll axis and the centroid of the stabilizing columns on opposite sides of the roll axis, said stabilizing columns having outboard portions thereof which extend transversely beyond the outboard sides of the respective hulls therebyproviding increased moment for stabilizing action about the roll axis.
6. A variable draft vessel comprising:
a base structure having hydrostatic and hydrodynamic characteristics;
a working platform;
a plurality of elements upstanding from said base structure with at least a portion of said elements being connected to said platform to support said platform in spaced relation about said base structure, at least a portion of said upstandingelements including at least six stabilizing columns disposed on said base structure with a pair of said columns being located adjacent opposite ends of said base structure on opposite sides of the pitch axis of the vessel, at least three columns beinglocated on said base structure on opposite sides of the roll axis of the vessel;
said base structure having displacement sufficient to float the vessel in a low draft condition with the base structure having freeboard;
and means for ballasting and deballasting the vessel to respectively submerge the base structure and portions of said elements below the waterline thereby to provide a high draft condition and refloat the vessel with the base structure havingfreeboard;
said elements being spaced one from the other to provide an open frame area therebetween and between said platform and said hulls;
the cross sectional area and configuration of said columns, the weight distribution of the vessel, and the geometry of the submerged base structure and portions of said elements being such as to maintain the natural period of the vessel in thehigh draft condition no less than 6 seconds;
said vessel having a length to width ratio of at least 2 to 1;
said stabilizing columns being connected to said base structure on the outboard sides thereof with the distance between the pitch axis and the centroid of the stabilizing columns on opposite sides of the pitch axis being greater than thetransverse distance between the roll axis and the centroid of the stabilizing columns on opposite sides of the roll axis, said stabilizing columns having outboard portions thereof which extend transversely beyond the outboard sides of the base structurethereby providing increased moment for stabilizing action about the roll axis. .[.7. A variable draft vessel comprising:
a pair of elongated flotation members disposed in side-by-side spaced substantially parallel relation one to the other;
a working platform;
means connected to said flotation members and said platform to support said platform in fixed spaced relation above said members;
said connecting means including at least six upstanding stablizing columns disposed on said members, a pair of said columns being located adjacent opposite ends of said members on opposite sides of the pitch axis of the vessel, at least threecolumns being located on each member and on opposite sides of the roll axis of the vessel;
said platform being spaced above said members a predetermined height at least equal to the height of the maximum anticipated wave, said columns upstanding from said members a predetermined effective height at least equal to the height of themaximum anticipated wave, the cross sectional area of said columns being substantially constant throughout the effective height thereof;
said members having a combined displacement sufficient to float the vessel in a low draft condition with the members having freeboard;
means for ballasting and deballasting the vessel to respectively submerge the members and portions of said connecting means below said platform below the waterline thereby to provide a high draft, otherwise unsupported, floating condition andreturn the vessel to the low draft condition with the members having freeboard, the displacement of the submerged members and portions of said connecting means being sufficient to maintain the vessel buoyant in the high draft floating condition;
said connecting means being spaced one from the other to provide an open frame area between the components thereof and between said platform and said members;
the combined water plane areas of said columns forming at least the major portion of the total water plane area of said vessel in the high draft condition;
the cross sectional area and configuration of said columns, the weight distribution of the vessel, and the geometry of the submerged members and portions of said connecting means being such that the vessel obtains motion minimizingcharacteristics in the high draft condition;
and means carried by the vessel for conducting drilling operations while the vessel is maintained in the high draft floating condition;
said vessel having a length to width ratio of about 2 to 1..]. .[.8. A vessel according to claim 7 wherein the natural periods in pitch and roll of the vessel in the high draft condition lie within a range of 6 to 40 seconds..]. .[.9. Avessel according to claim 7 wherein the displacement of said submerged members and portions of said connecting means is sufficient to maintain the vessel buoyant in the high draft condition with the mean waterline located a distance above said members atsubstantially one-half the effective height of said stabilizing columns;
said ballasting and deballasting means being operable to vary the submergence of the vessel when in the high draft condition such that the distance between the mean waterline and either the underside of the platform or the topside of said membersis not less than 0.75 of the mean wave height for wave heights less than the maximum anticipated wave to preclude amplification of vessel motion due to interaction of wave and vessel motion..]. .[.10. A vessel according to claim 7 including astabilizing column on each member located adjacent the transverse axis through the center of flotation of the vessel, said connecting means including a plurality of support members forming trusses extending between said member and said platform at spacedlongitudinal positions along the vessel, said trusses including transversely extending elements connecting one member to the other with said elements lying above the uppermost portions of said flotation members..]. .[.11. A vessel according to claim 7wherein at least one of said stabilizing columns on each said member has a cross section elongated in a direction substantially parallel to the roll axis of the vessel..]. .[.12. A vessel according to claim 7 wherein at least one of said stabilizingcolumns on each said member is substantially oblong in cross section and extends longitudinally parallel to said member a distance greater than its width..]. .[.13. A vessel according to claim 7 wherein said drilling means includes a drilling rigmounted on said platform over the space between said members..]. .[.14. A vessel according to claim 7 wherein each of said members has bow and stern designs to minimize resistance to movement through the water in said low draft condition..]. .[.15. Avessel according to claim 7 wherein the centroids of said columns are transversely spaced from vertical planes containing the longitudinal centerlines of said members..]. .[.16. A vessel according to claim 7 wherein the centroids of said columns arespaced outboard of vertical planes passing through the longitudinal centerlines of said members..]. .[.17. A vessel according to claim 7 including a crane for transferring loads between horizontally spaced positions..]. .[.18. A vessel according toclaim 7 wherein said ballasting and deballasting means includes at least two ballast compartments in each of said members, said two ballast compartments being horizontally spaced one from the other, and means for selectively ballasting and deballastingsaid two compartments in each said member to alter the natural period of said vessel..]. .[.19. A vessel according to claim 18 wherein said ballasting and deballasting means includes at least four ballast compartments in each of said members, a pair ofsaid ballast compartments in each member being transversely spaced one from the other, another pair of said ballast compartments in each member being longitudinally spaced one from the other and means for effecting ballast transfer into and out of theballast compartments of each said pair thereof to alter the natural period of said vessel about roll and pitch axes..]. .[.20. A variable draft vessel comprising: a pair of elongated hulls disposed in side-by-side spaced substantially parallel relationone to the other;
a working platform;
means connected to said hulls and said platform to support said platform in fixed spaced relation above said hulls;
said connecting means including at least four stabilizing columns located on said hulls with a pair of said columns on each of the opposite sides of the respective pitch and roll axes of the vessel;
the cross sectional area of said columns being substantially constant throughout the height thereof;
said hulls having combined displacement sufficient to float the vessel in a low draft condition with the hulls having freeboard, each of said hulls having bow and stern designs to minimize resistance to movement through the water in said lowdraft condition;
means for ballasting and deballasting the vessel to respectively submerge the hulls and portions of said connecting means below said platform below the waterline thereby to provide a high draft, otherwise unsupported, floating condition andreturn the vessel to the low draft condition with the hulls having freeboard, the displacement of the submerged hulls and portions of said connecting means being sufficient to maintain the vessel buoyant in the high draft floating condition;
said connecting means being spaced one from the other to provide an open frame area between the components thereof, and between said hulls and said platform;
the combined water plane areas of said columns forming at least the major portion of the total water plane area of said vessel in the high draft condition;
the cross sectional area and configuration of the columns, the weight distribution of the vessel, and the geometry of the submerged hulls and portions of said connecting means being such that the vessel obtains moton minimizing characteristics inthe high draft condition;
and means carried by the vessel for conducting drilling operations while
the vessel is maintained in the high draft floating condition..]. .[.21. A vessel according to claim 20 wherein said connecting means includes at least 6 upstanding stabilizing columns disposed on said hulls, a pair of said columns beinglocated adjacent opposite ends of said hulls on the opposite sides of the pitch axis of the vessel, at least 3 columns being located on each hull and on opposite sides of the roll axis of the vessel..]. .[.22. A vessel according to claim 20 having alength to width ratio of at least 2 to 1..]. .[.23. A vessel according to claim 20 wherein said platform is spaced above said hulls a predetermined height at least equal to the height of the maximum anticipated wave, said columns upstanding from saidhulls a predetermined effective height at least equal to the height of the maximum anticipated wave..]. .[.24. A vessel according to claim 20 wherein the natural periods in pitch and roll of the vessel in the high draft condition lies within a range of6 to 40 seconds..]. .[.25. A vessel according to claim 23 wherein the displacement of said submerged hulls and portions of said connecting means is sufficient to maintain the vessel buoyant in the high draft condition with the mean waterline located adistance above said hulls at substantially one-half the effective height of said stabilizing columns;
said ballasting and deballasting means being operable to vary the submergence of the vessel when in the high draft condition such that the distance between the mean waterline and either the underside of the platform or the topside of said hullsis not less than 0.75 of the mean wave height to preclude amplification of vessel motion due to interaction of wave and vessel motion..]. .[.26. A vessel according to claim 20 wherein said drilling means includes a drilling rig mounted on said platformover the space between the hulls..]. .[.27. A vessel according to claim 24 wherein said ballasting and deballasting means include a plurality of compartments in each of said hulls together with means for selectively ballasting and deballasting saidcompartments..]. .[.28. A vessel according to claim 20 wherein the centroids of said columns are transversely spaced from vertical planes passing through the longitudinal centerlines of said hulls..]. .[.29. A vessel according to claim 20 whereinsaid platform is spaced above said hulls a predetermined effective height at least equal to the height of the maximum anticipated wave, said columns upstanding from said hulls a predetermined effective height at least equal to the height of the maximumanticipated wave, said ballasting and deballasting means including a plurality of compartments in each of said hulls together with means for selectively ballasting and deballasting said compartments, the displacement of the submerged hulls and portionsof said connecting means being sufficient to maintain the vessel buoyant in the high draft condition with the mean waterline located a distance above the hulls at substantially one-half the effective height of said stabilizing columns..]. .[.30. Avessel according to claim 20 wherein said ballasting and deballasting means includes at least two ballast compartments in each of said hulls, said two ballast compartments being horizontally spaced one from the other, and means for selectively ballastingand deballasting said two compartments in each said hull to alter the natural period of said vessel..]. .[.31. A variable draft vessel comprising: a pair of elongated flotation members disposed in side-by-side spaced substantially parallel relation oneto the other;
a working platform;
a plurality of elements upstanding from said members with at least a portion of said elements being connected to said platform to support the platform in spaced relation above the members; at least a portion of said upstanding elements includingat least six stabilizing columns disposed on said members and upstanding therefrom a predetermined height, a pair of said columns being located adjacent opposite ends of said members on opposite sides of the pitch axis of the vessel, at least threecolumns being located on each member and on opposite sides of the roll axis of the vessel;
the cross sectional area of said columns being substantially constant throughout the predetermined height thereof;
said flotation members having a combined displacement sufficient to float the vessel in a low draft condition;
means for ballasting and deballasting the vessel to respectively submerge the members and portions of said elements below the waterline thereby to provide a high draft, otherwise unsupported, floating condition and return the vessel to a lowdraft condition; the displacement of the submerged members and portions of said elements being sufficient to maintain the vessel buoyant in the high draft floating condition;
said elements being spaced one from the other to provide an open frame area therebetween and between said platform and members;
the combined water plane areas of said columns forming at least the major portion of the total water plane area of said vessel in the high draft condition;
the cross sectional area and configuration of the columns, the weight distribution of the vessel and the geometry of the submerged members and portions of said elements being such that the vessel obtains motion minimizing characteristics in thehigh draft condition;
and means carried by the vessel for conducting drilling operations while the vessel is maintained in the high draft floating condition;
said vessel having a length to width ratio of at least 2 to 1..]. .[.32. A vessel according to claim 31 including a crane for transferrng loads between horizontally spaced positions..]. .[.33. A vessel according to claim 31 wherein thedisplacement of the submerged members and portions of said elements is sufficient to maintain the vessel buoyant in the high draft condition with the mean waterline located a distance above the members at substantially one-half the predetermined heightof said stabilizing columns..]. .[.34. A vessel according to claim 31 wherein the natural periods in pitch and roll of the vessel in the high draft condition lie within a range of 6 to 40 seconds..]. .[.35. A vessel according to claim 33 wherein saidcolumns upstand from said members a predetermined height at least equal to the height of the maximum anticipated wave; said ballasting and deballasting means being operable to vary the submergence of the vessel when in the high draft condition such thatthe distance between the mean waterline and either the underside of the platform or the topside of said members is not less than 0.75 of the mean wave height for wave heights less than the maximum anticipated wave to preclude amplification of vesselmotion due to interaction of wave and vessel motion..]. .[.36. A vessel according to claim 33 including a stabilizing column on each member located adjacent the transverse axis through the center of flotation of the vessel, said connecting meansincluding a plurality of trusses extending between said members and said platform at spaced longitudinal positions along the vessel, said trusses including transversely extending elements connecting one member to the other with said elements lyingadjacent the uppermost portions of said members..]. .[.37. A vessel according to claim 31 wherein at least one of said stabilizing columns on each said member has a cross section elongated in a direction substantially parallel to the roll axis of thevessel..]. .[.38. A vessel according to claim 37 wherein the centroid of said one stabilizing column on each said member is spaced outboard of the vertical plane containing the longitudinal centerline of the corresponding member..]. .[.39. A vesselaccording to claim 31 wherein the members have freeboard in the low draft condition of the vessel..]. .[.40. A vessel according to claim 31 wherein said platform is fixed in spaced relation above said members each of said members having bow and sterndesigns to minimize resistance to movement through the water in said low draft condition..]. .[.41. A vessel according to claim 31 wherein said ballasting and deballasting means includes at least two ballast compartments in each of said members, saidtwo ballast compartments being horizontally spaced one from the other, and means for selectively ballasting and deballasting said two compartments in each said member to alter the natural period of said vessel..]. .[.42. A variable draft vesselcomprising: no more than two hulls disposed in side-by-side spaced substantially parallel relation one to the other;
a working platform;
means connected to said hulls and said platform to support said platform in spaced relation above said hulls, said connecting means including at least six upstanding stabilizing columns disposed on said hulls and upstanding therefrom apredetermined effective height, a pair of said columns being located adjacent opposite ends of said hulls on opposite sides of the pitch axis of the vessel, at least three columns being located on each hull and on opposite sides of the roll axis of thevessel;
said hulls having a combined displacement sufficient to float the vessel in a low draft condition with the hulls having freeboard;
the cross sectional area of said columns being substantially constant throughout the effective height thereof;
means for ballasting and deballasting the vessel to respectively submerge the hulls and portions of the connecting means below said platform below the waterline thereby to provide a high draft, otherwise unsupported, floating condition and returnthe vessel to the low draft condition with the hulls having freeboard, the displacement of the submerged hulls and portions of said connecting means being sufficient to maintain the vessel buoyant in the high draft floating condition;
said connecting means being spaced one from the other to provide an open frame area between the components thereof and between said platform and said hulls;
the combined water plane areas of said columns forming at least the major portion of the total water plane area of said vessel in the high draft condition;
and means carried by the vessel for conducting drilling operations while the vessel is maintained in the high draft floating condition;
said vessel having a length to width ratio of at least 2 to 1..]. .[.43. A vessel according to claim 42 including a crane for transferring loads between horizontally spaced positions..]. .[.44. A vessel according to claim 42 wherein thedisplacement of the submerged hulls and portions of said connecting means is sufficient to maintain the vessel in the high draft condition with the mean waterline located a distance above the hulls at substantially one-half the effective height of saidstabilizing columns..]. .[.45. A vessel according to claim 42 wherein the cross sectional area and configuration of the columns, the weight distribution of the vessel and the geometry of the submerged hulls and portions of said connecting means aresuch that the vessel obtains a natural period in the high draft condition no less than 6 seconds..]. .[.46. A vessel according to claim 44 wherein said ballasting and deballasting means is operable to vary the submergence of the vessel when in the highdraft condition such that the distance between the mean waterline and either the underside of the platform or the topside of said hulls is not less than 0.75 of the mean wave height for wave heights less than the maximum anticipated wave to precludeamplification of vessel motion due to interaction of wave and vessel motion..]. .[.47. A vessel according to claim 42 wherein said stabilizing columns are substantially oblong in cross section and extend longitudinally parallel to said hulls a distancegreater than their width..]. .[.48. A vessel according to claim 42 wherein said drilling means includes a drilling rig mounted on said platform over the space between the hulls..]. .[.49. A vessel according to claim 42 wherein said platform is fixedin spaced relation above said hulls, each of said hulls having bow and stern designs to minimize resistance to movement through the water in said low draft condition..]. .[.50. A vessel according to claim 42 wherein said ballasting and deballastingmeans includes at least two ballast compartments in each of said hulls, said two ballast compartments being horizontally spaced one from the other, and means for selectively ballasting and deballasting said two compartments in each said hull to alter thenatural period of said vessel..]. .[.51. A vessel according to claim 42 wherein the cross sectional area and configuration of said columns, the weight distribution of the vessel and the geometry of the submerged hulls and portions of said connectingmeans being such as to provide motion minimizing characteristics to the vessel..]. .[.52. A variable draft vessel comprising: a base structure having hydrostatic and hydrodrynamic characteristics;
a working platform;
a plurality of elements carried by said base structure with at least a portion of said elements upstanding therefrom and being connected to said platform to support said platform in spaced relation above said base structure, at least a portion ofsaid elements including at least four stabilizing columns carried by said base structure and extending vertically a predetermined effective height between generally horizontal planes containing said platform and said base structure, a pair of saidcolumns being located adjacent opposite ends of said base structure on opposite sides of the pitch axis of the vessel, at least two columns being located on opposite sides of the roll axis of the vessel;
the cross sectional area of said columns being substantially constant throughout the effective height thereof;
said base structure having a displacement sufficient to float the vessel in a low draft condition with the base structure having freeboard;
means for ballasting and deballasting the vessel to respectively submerge the base structure and portions of said elements below the waterline thereby to provide a high draft, otherwise unsupported, floating condition and return the vessel to thelow draft condition with the base structure having freeboard;
said elements being spaced one from the other to provide an open frame area therebetween and between said platform and said base structure;
the combined water plane areas of said columns forming at least the major portion of the total water plane area of said vessel in the high draft condition;
the cross sectional areas and configuration of said columns, the weight distribution of the vessel, and the geometry of the submerged base structure and portions of said elements being such that the vessel obtains a natural period in the highdraft condition no less than 6 seconds;
and means carried by the vessel for conducting drilling operations while the vessel is maintained in the high draft floating condition;
said vessel having a length to width ratio of at least 2 to 1..]. .[.53. A vessel according to claim 52 including a crane for transferring loads between horizontally spaced positions..]. .[.54. A vessel according to claim 52 wherein saidplatform is spaced above said base structure a predetermined height at least equal to the height of the maximum anticipated wave, said columns extending vertically a predetermined effective height at least equal to the height of the maximum anticipatedwave..]. .[.55. A vessel according to claim 52 wherein the natural periods in pitch and roll of the vessel lie within a range of 6 to 40 seconds..]. .[.56. A vessel according to claim 52 wherein said ballasting and deballasting means includes atleast two ballast compartments carried by said base structure on each of the opposite sides of the centerline of said vessel, said two ballast compartments being horizontally spaced one from the other, and means for effecting ballast transfer into andout of said two compartments on each side of said vessel to alter the natural period of said vessel..]. .[.57. A vessel according to claim 52 wherein at least one column on eah of the opposite sides of the roll axis is oblong with its long axisextending substantially parallel to the longitudinal centerline of said vessel..]. .[.58. A variable draft column stabilized vessel comprising: a pair of elongated flotation members disposed in side-by-side spaced substantially parallel relation one tothe other;
a working platform;
means connected to said members and said platform to support said platform in fixed spaced relation above said members;
said connected means including at least six stabilizing columns disposed on said members and upstanding therefrom a predetermined height;
a pair of said columns being located adjacent opposite ends of said members on opposite sides of the pitch axis of said vessel, at least three columns being located on each member and on opposite sides of the roll axis of said vessel, at leastone column on each member being substantially oblong in cross section and disposed such that its long axis extends substantially parallel to the longitudinal axes of the members;
the cross sectional area of said columns being substantially constant throughout the height thereof;
said members having a combined displacement sufficient to float the vessel in a low draft condition with the members having freeboard;
means for ballasting and deballasting said vessel to respectively submerge the members and portions of said connecting means below said platform below the waterline thereby to provide a high draft, otherwise unsupported, floating condition andreturn said vessel to the low draft condition with the members having freeboard, the displacement of the submerged members and portions of said connecting means being sufficient to maintain said vessel buoyant in the high draft floating condition;
the combined water plane areas of said columns forming at least the major portion of the total water plane area of said vessel in the high draft condition;
said connecting means being spaced one from the other to provide an open frame area between the components thereof and between said platform and said members;
and means carried by the vessel for conducting drilling operations while the vessel is maintained in the high draft floating condition..]. .[.59. A vessel according to claim 58 including a crane for transferring loads between horizontallyspaced positions..]. .[.60. A vessel according to claim 58 wherein the cross sectional area and configuration of said columns, the weight distribution of the vessel and the geometry of the submerged members and portions of said connecting means aresuch as to provide motion minimizing characteristics to said vessel in roll, pitch and heave in the high draft condition..]. .[.61. The vessel according to claim 58 wherein said members are connected one to the other by said connecting means with thearea between said members below a horizontal plane extending through said members adjacent their upper surfaces being open and substantially unobstructed..]. .[.62. A variable draft vessel according to claim 58 wherein said platform is supported inspaced relation above said members a predetermined height at least equal to the height of the maximum anticipated wave, said columns upstanding from said members an effective height at least equal to the height of the maximum anticipated wave, thedisplacement of said submerged members and portions of said connecting means being sufficient to maintain said vessel buoyant in the high draft condition with the mean waterline located a distance above said members at substantially one-half theeffective height of said stabilizing columns..]. .[.63. A vessel according to claim 58 wherein said connecting means includes a plurality of support members forming trusses extending between said members and said platform at spaced longitudinalpositions along said vessel, said trusses including transversely extending members lying adjacent the uppermost portions of said members..]. .[.64. A vessel according to claim 58 wherein each of said members has streamlined bow and stern portions tominimize resistance to movement through the water in said low draft condition..]. .[.65. A vessel according to claim 58 wherein said ballasting and deballasting means includes at least two ballast compartments in each of said members, said two ballastcompartments being horizontally spaced one from the other, and means for selectively ballasting and deballasting said two compartments in each said member..]. .[.66. A vessel according to claim 58 wherein said drilling means includes a drilling mastdisposed substantially along the longitudinal centerline of the vessel for supporting a drill string extending between said members..]. .[.67. A vessel according to claim 58 wherein said vessel has a length to width ratio of at least 2 to 1..]. .[.68. A vessel according to claim 58 wherein said platform is supported in spaced relation above said members a predetermined height at least equal to the height of the maximum anticipated wave, said columns upstanding from said members an effective height atleast equal to the height of the maximum anticipated wave, the displacement of said submerged members and portions of said connecting means being sufficient to maintain said vessel buoyant in the high draft condition with the mean waterline located adistance above said members at substantially one-half the effective height of said stabilizing columns, said connecting means including a plurality of support members forming trusses extending between said members and said platform at spaced longitudinalpositions along said vessel, said trusses including transversely extending members connectng one flotation member to the other and lying adjacent the uppermost portions of said flotation members, said ballasting and deballasting means including at leasttwo ballast compartments in each of said flotation members, said two ballast compartments being horizontally spaced one from the other, and means for selectively ballasting and deballasting the compartments in each said member..]. .[.69. A vesselaccording to claim 58 wherein the centroids of said columns are spaced outboard of vertical planes containing the longitudinal axes of said members..]. .[.70. A variable draft vessel comprising: a pair of elongated flotation members disposed inside-by-side spaced substantially parallel relation one to the other;
a working platform;
means connected to said members and said platform to support said platform in fixed spaced relation above said members;
said connecting means including at least six upstanding stabilizing columns disposed on said members, a pair of said columns being located adjacent opposite ends of said members on opposite side of the pitch axis of the vessel, at least threecolumns being located on each member and on opposite sides of the roll axis of the vessel, the centroids of said columns being spaced outboard of vertical planes containing the longitudinal axes of said members;
the cross sectional area of said columns being substantially constant throughout the height thereof;
said members having a combined displacement sufficient to float the vessel in a low draft condition with the members having freeboard;
means for ballasting and deballasting the vessel to respectively submerge the members and portions of said connecting means below said platform below the waterline thereby to provide a high draft, otherwise unsupported, floating condition andreturn the vessel to the low draft condition with the members having freeboard, the displacement of the submerged members and portions of said connecting means being sufficient to maintain the vessel buoyant in the high draft floating condition;
said connecting means being spaced one from the other to provide an open frame area between the components thereof and between said platform and said members;
the combined water plane area of said columns forming at least the major portion of the total water plane area of said vessel in the high draft condition;
the cross sectional area and configuration of said columns, the weight distribution of the vessel, and the geometry of the submerged members and portions of said connecting means being such as to provide motion minimizing characteristics to saidvessel in roll, pitch and heave in the high draft condition;
and means carried by the vessel for conducting drilling operations while the vessel is maintained in the high draft floating condition..]. .[.71. A vessel according to claim 70 including a crane for transferring loads between horizontallyspaced positions..]. .[.72. A vessel according to claim 70 wherein the cross sectional area of said columns is substantially constant throughout the predetermined height thereof..]. .[.73. A variable draft vessel according to claim 70 wherein saidplatform is supported in spaced relation above said members a predetermined height at least equal to the height of the maximum anticipated wave, said columns upstanding from said members an effective height at least equal to the height of the maximumanticipated wave, the displacement of said submerged members and portions of said connecting means being sufficient to maintain said vessel buoyant in the high draft condition with the mean waterline located a distance above said members at substantiallyone-half the effective height of said stabilizing columns..]. .[.74. A vessel according to claim 70 wherein said ballasting and deballasting means includes at least two ballast compartments in each of said members, said two ballast compartments beinghorizontally spaced one from the other, and means for selectively ballasting and deballasting said two compartments in each said member..]. .[.75. A vessel according to claim 70 wherein said drilling means includes a drilling mast disposedsubstantially along the longitudinal centerline of the vessel for supporting a drill string extending between said members..]. .[.76. A vessel according to claim 70 wherein each of said members has streamlined bow portions to minimize resistance tomovement through the water in said low draft condition..]. .[.77. A vessel according to claim 70 wherein said platform is supported in spaced relation above said members a predetermined height at least equal to the height of the maximum anticipatedwave, said columns upstanding from said members an effective height at least equal to the height of the maximum anticipated wave, the displacement of said submerged members and portions of said connecting means being sufficient to maintain said vesselbuoyant in the high draft condition with the mean waterline located a distance above said members at substantially one-half the effective height of said stabilizing columns, said ballasting and deballasting means including at least two ballastcompartments in each of said members, said two ballast compartments being horizontally spaced one from the other, and means for selectively ballasting and deballasting said two compartments in each said member, each of said members having streamlined bowportions to minimize resistance to movement through the water in said low draft condition..]. .[.78. A variable draft vessel comprising:
a pair of discrete elongated flotation members disposed in side-by-side spaced substantially parallel relation one to the other;
a working platform;
means for supporting said platform in fixed spaced relation above said members;
said connecting means including at least six stabilizing columns disposed on said members and upstanding therefrom, a pair of said columns being located adjacent opposite ends of said members on opposite sides of the pitch axis of said vessel, atleast three columns being located on each member and on opposite sides of the roll axis of said vessel;
the cross sectional area of said columns being substantially constant throughout the height thereof;
at least one of said columns on each said member being substantially oblong in cross section and disposed such that its long axis extends substantially parallel to the longitudinal axes of said members;
means for ballasting and deballasting said vessel to selectively obtain high and low draft, otherwise unsupported, floating conditions with said members and portions of said connecting means below said platform located below the waterline in thehigh draft floating condition, the displacement of said members and portions of said connecting means being sufficient to maintain said vessel buoyant in the high draft floating condition;
the combined water plane areas of said columns forming at least the major portion of the total water plane area of said vessel in the high draft condition; and
means carried by the vessel for conducting drilling operations while the vessel is maintained in the high draft floating condition..]. .[.79. A variable draft vessel comprising:
a pair of discrete elongated flotation members disposed in side-by-side spaced substantially parallel relation one to the other;
a working platform;
means for supporting said platform in fixed spaced relation above said members;
said connecting means including at least six stabilizing columns disposed on said members and upstanding therefrom, a pair of said columns being located adjacent opposite ends of said members on opposite sides of the pitch axis of said vessel, atleast three columns being located on each member and on opposite sides of the roll axis of said vessel;
at least one of said columns on each of said member being substantially oblong in cross section and disposed such that its long axis extends substantially parallel to the longitudinal axes of said members;
and means for ballasting and deballasting said vessel to selectively obtain high and low draft conditions with said members and portions of said connecting means below said platform located below the waterline in the high draft condition, thedisplacement of said members and portions of said connecting means being sufficient to maintain said vessel buoyant in the high draft condition;
said columns being substantially constant in cross sectional area throughout their height, said vessel having a length to width ratio
greater than 2 to 1..]. .[.80. The vessel according to claim 79 wherein the centroid of said oblong column on each said member lies outboard of vertical planes passing through the longitudinal centerlines of said member..]. .[.81. The vesselaccording to claim 79 wherein said ballasting and deballasting means includes at least two ballast compartments in each of said members, said two ballast compartments being horizontally spaced one from the other, and means for selectively ballasting anddeballasting said two compartments in each said member..]. .[.82. The vessel according
to claim 79 including a derrick..]. 83. A variable draft vessel comprising:
a base structure having hydrostatic and hydrodynamic characteristics;
a working platform;
a plurality of elements carried by said base structure with at least a portion of said elements upstanding therefrom and being connected to said platform to support said platform in spaced relation above said base structure, at least a portion ofsaid elements including at least four stabilizing columns carried by said base structure and extending vertically a predetermined effective height between generally horizontal planes containing said platform and said base structure, a pair of saidcolumns being located adjacent opposite ends of said base structure on opposite sides of the pitch axis of the vessel, at least two columns being located on opposite sides of the roll axis of the vessel;
said base structure having displacement sufficient to float the vessel in a low draft condition with the base structure having freeboard;
and means for ballasting and deballasting the vessel to respectively submerge the base structure and portions of said elements below the waterline thereby to provide a high draft condition and return the vessel with the base structure havingfreeboard;
said elements being spaced one from the other to provide an open frame area therebetween and between said platform and said base structure;
the cross sectional areas and configuration of said columns, the weight distribution of the vessel and the geometry of the submerged base structure and portions of said elements being such that the vessel obtains a natural period in the highdraft condition no less than 6 seconds;
said vessel having a length to width ratio of at least 2 to 1;
said stabilizing .[.column.]. .Iadd.columns .Iaddend.having portions thereof which extend transversely beyond the outboard sides of said base structure thereby providing increased moment for stabilizing action about the roll axis. .[.84. Avariable draft vessel comprising:
a pair of elongated hulls disposed in side-by-side spaced substantially parallel relation one to the other;
a working platform;
means connected to said hulls and said platform to support said platform in fixed spaced relation above said hulls;
said connecting means including at least four stabilizing columns located on said hulls with a pair of said columns on each of the opposite sides of the respective pitch and roll axes of the vessel;
said platform being spaced above said hulls a predetermined height at least equal to the height of the maximum anticipated wave, said columns upstanding from said hulls a predetermined effective height at least equal to the height of the maximumanticipated wave, the cross sectional area of said columns being substantially constant throughout the effective height thereof;
said hulls having a combined displacement sufficient to float the vessel in a low draft condition with the hulls having freeboard, each of said hulls having bow and stern designs to minimize resistance to movement through the water in said lowdraft condition;
means for ballasting and deballasting the vessel to respectively submerge the hulls and portions of said connecting means below said platform below the waterline thereby to provide a high draft, otherwise unsupported, floating condition andreturn the vessel to the low draft condition with the hulls having freeboard, the displacement of the submerged hulls and portions of said connecting means being sufficient to maintain the vessel buoyant in the high draft floating condition;
said connecting means being spaced one from the other to provide an open frame area between the components thereof, and between said hulls and said platform;
the combined water plane areas of said columns forming at least the major portion of the total water plane area of said vessel in the high draft condition;
the cross sectional area and configuration of the columns, the weight distribution of the vessel, and the geometry of the submerged hulls and portions of said connecting means being such that the vessel obtains motion minimizing characteristicsin the high draft condition; and
means carried by the vessel for conducting drilling operations while the vessel is maintained in the high draft floating condition..]. .Iadd. 85. A vessel according to claim 83 wherein said base structure includes a pair of elongated hullsdisposed in side-by-side spaced substantially parallel relation one to the other, at least a portion of said elements including a plurality of trusses extending between said hulls and said platform and in spaced longitudinal positions along said vessel,said trusses including substantially horizontally extending members disposed adjacent uppermost portions of said hulls and restraining the hulls against lateral displacement with respect to each other..Iaddend. .Iadd. 86. A column stabilizedsemisubmersible vessel consisting of a pair of elongated hulls disposed in substantially parallel spaced side-by-side relation with each of said hulls spaced from and lying on an opposite side of the longitudinal centerline of said vessel, said vesselfurther comprising:
a working platform spaced above said hulls a predetermined height and normally lying in a generally horizontal plane;
means for supporting said platform in fixed spaced relation above said hulls including at least three pairs of upstanding columns connecting with each of said hulls and said platform; each of said columns having a substantially constant crosssectional area over the effective height of the column between the platform and associated hull;
each of said hulls having, over substantially the entire length thereof, a substantially rectangular transverse cross section with its breadth greater than its height;
a plurality of longitudinally spaced structural truss means interconnecting and reinforcing the structural relationship of the hulls, platform and columns, with such truss means including substantially transversely extending members structurallyinterconnecting uppermost portions of the hulls;
said vessel being generally rectangular in plan with the length of said vessel along its longitudinal centerline and roll axis being at least 2.5 times greater than the width of said vessel along its transverse centerline and pitch axis;
at least three of said columns being located on each of said two hulls on opposite sides of the vessel's roll axis with pairs of such columns being located near opposite ends of each of said hulls on opposite sides of the vessel's pitch axis andanother pair of said columns being located at an intermediate position on each of said hulls;
each of said columns having an oblong cross section with a dimension extending in the direction of the vessel's longitudinal axis greater than the column's dimension extending transversely of the vessel;
the centroid of the cross section of each column on said hulls lying outboard of the longitudinal centerline of the associated hull;
the configuration and cross-sectional areas of said columns throughout effective height thereof and the distances of said columns from the vessel's longitudinal roll axis and transverse pitch axis being such that said columns maintain thevessel's metacenter above the vessel's center of gravity for all high draft semisubmerged operating positions of the vessel and also being such that said columns provide righting moment about the longitudinal roll axis which is less than righting momentprovided about said transverse pitch axis when the vessel is in semisubmerged column stabilized operating positions;
said hulls having ballast compartments;
means for ballasting said vessel when required to alter its draft between a low draft hull-supported floating condition in which the hulls have freeboard with said transversely extending members structurally interconnecting uppermost portions ofthe hulls being disposed above the mean waterline and a high draft semisubmerged column stabilized floating and operating condition in which the mean waterline is located along intermediate portions of said columns above said hulls and below theunderside of said platform;
said means for ballasting including means for adjusting vessel angle of heel change caused during semisubmerged operations to provide a reduction of the vessel's angle of heel about its roll axis when required during semisubmerged columnstabilized operations; and
said means for ballasting including means for adjusting vessel angle of trim change caused during semisubmerged operations to provide a reduction of the vessel's angle of trim about its pitch axis when required during
semisubmerged column stabilized operations..Iaddend..Iadd. 87. A vessel according to claim 86, wherein the ballast compartment of each of said rectangular twin hulls includes at least two separate ballast compartments spaced transverselywithin each hull and a plurality of separate ballast compartments spaced longitudinally within each hull..Iaddend..Iadd. 88. A vessel according to claim 86 wherein said vessel ballast means includes means for transferring ballast directly from one ofsaid rectangular twin hulls directly to the other of said rectangular twin hulls for controlling heel of said vessel about its roll axis when required during semisubmerged column stabilized operations..Iaddend..Iadd. 89. A vessel according to claim 86,wherein: the ballast compartments of each of said rectangular twin hulls includes at last two separate ballast compartments spaced transversely within each hull and a plurality of separate ballast compartments spaced longitudinally within each hull; andsaid vessel ballast means also includes means for transferring ballast from at least one compartment in one hull directly to at least one compartment in the other hull for controlling the heel of said vessel about its roll axis when required duringsemisubmerged column stabilized operations..Iaddend. .Iadd. 90. A column stabilized semisubmersible drilling vessel comprising a vessel according to claim 86 and further comprising:
a drilling rig carried by said platform;
means carried by said vessel for accommodating sufficient drilling equipment for conducting offshore drilling operations in column stabilized semisubmerged high draft condition;
said vessel ballast means including means for counteracting change in vessel angle of trim caused when said vessel is in said high draft column stabilized semisubmerged condition for drilling operations and is subjected to load change of suchlocation and magnitude with respect to the pitch axis so that such ballast means provides when required a reduction of the vessel's angle of trim about its pitch axis during semisubmerged column stabilized drilling operations; and
said vessel ballast means also including means for similarly counteracting angle of heel caused when said vessel is in said high draft semisubmerged condition for drilling and is subjected to load change of such location and magnitude withrespect to the roll axis so that such ballast means provides when required a reduction of the vessel's angle of heel about its roll axis during high draft semisubmerged column stabilized drilling operations. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 91. A vessel as in claim86 wherein: said transversely extending members have opposite end portions overlying top surfaces of said hulls with their opposite ends connected to columns on each of said hulls near said top surfaces..Iaddend..Iadd. 92. A vessel according to claim91 wherein: said opposite end portions of said transversely extending members are secured to said top surfaces of said hulls..Iaddend. .Iadd. 93. A column stabilized semisubmersible vessel consisting of a pair of elongated hulls disposed insubstantially parallel spaced side-by-side relation with each of said hulls spaced from and lying on an opposite side of the longitudinal centerline of said vessel, said vessel further comprising:
a working platform spaced above said hulls a predetermined height and normally lying in a generally horizontal plane;
means for supporting said platform in fixed spaced relation above said hulls including at least three pairs of upstanding columns connecting with each of said hulls and said platform; each of said columns having a substantially constant crosssectional area over the effective height of the column between the platform and associated hull;
each of said hulls having an oblong transverse cross section with a breadth greater than its height and having top and bottom substantially planar parallel surfaces extending substantially the entire length of each hull, whereby such hullsconfiguration provides increased mass resistance to movement of said hulls and vessel through water in a vertical direction when the vessel is in high draft semisubmerged column stabilized operating condition;
a plurality of longitudinally spaced structural truss means interconnecting and reinforcing the structural relationship of the hulls, platform and columns, with such truss means including substantially transversely extending members structurallyinterconnecting uppermost portions of the hulls;
said vessel being generally rectangular in plan with the length of said vessel along its longitudinal centerline and roll axis being at least plural times as great as the width of said vessel along its transverse centerline and pitch axis;
at least three of said columns being located on each of said two hulls on opposite sides of the vessel's roll axis with pairs of such columns being located near opposite ends of each of said hulls on opposite sides of the vessel's pitch axis andanother pair of said columns being located at an intermediate position on each of said hulls;
at least one of said columns on each said hull having an oblong cross section with a dimension extending in the direction of the longitudinal vessel axis greater than the columns' transversely extending dimension; the centroid of the crosssection of such oblong columns lying outboard of the longitudinal centerline of each associated hull;
the configuration and cross-sectional areas of said columns throughout effective height thereof and the distances of said columns from the vessel's longitudinal roll axis and transverse pitch axis being such that said columns maintain thevessel's metacenter above the vessel's center of gravity for all high draft semisubmerged operating positions of the vessel and also being such that said columns provide righting moment about the longitudinal roll axis which is less than righting momentprovided about said transverse pitch axis when the vessel is in semisubmerged column stabilized operating position;
said hulls having ballast compartments;
means for ballasting said vessel when required to alter its draft between a low draft hull-supported floating condition in which the hulls have freeboard with said transversely extending members structurally interconnecting uppermost portions ofthe hulls being disposed above the mean waterline and a high draft semisubmerged column stabilized floating and operating condition in which the mean waterline is located along intermediate portion of said columns above said hulls and below the undersideof said platform;
the ballast compartments of each of said oblong twin hulls including at least two separate ballast compartments spaced transversely within each hull and a plurality of separate ballast compartments spaced longitudinally within each hull. .Iaddend..Iadd. 94. A vessel according to claim 93, wherein said means for ballasting includes means for adjusting vessel angle of heel change caused during semisubmerged operations to provide a reduction of the vessel's angle of heel about its rollaxis when required during semisubmerged column stabilized operations..Iaddend..Iadd. 95. A vessel according to claim 93, wherein said means for ballasting includes means for adjusting vessel angle of trim change caused during semisubmerged operationsto provide a reduction of the vessel's angle of trim about its pitch axis when required during operations of said vessel in semisubmerged column stabilized operations..Iaddend..Iadd. 96. A vessel according to claim 93, wherein said vessel ballast meansincludes means for transferring ballast directly from one hull to the other hull to control heel of said vessel about its roll axis during semisubmerged column stabilized operations..Iaddend..Iadd. 97. A vessel according to claim 93, wherein all ofsaid columns have such an oblong cross section with greater dimension extending in direction of the vessel's longitudinal axis..Iaddend..Iadd. 98. A vessel according to claim 97 wherein the centroid of all of said columns lies outboard of thelongitudinal centerline of each associated hull..Iaddend. .Iadd. 99. A vessel according to claim 93, wherein each of said hulls is generally rectangular in cross section..Iaddend..Iadd. 100. A vessel according to claim 93, wherein said vessel has alength to width ratio of at least 2.5 to 1..Iaddend..Iadd. 101. A vessel according to claim 93, wherein said vessel has a length which is at least 2.5 times as great as its width; each of said columns has an oblong cross section with a dimensionextending in the direction of the longitudinal vessel axis greater than the column's dimension extending transversly of the vessel; the centroid of the cross section of each column on each hull lies outboard of the longitudinal centerline of theassociated hull; each of said hulls is generally rectangular in cross section; and said transversely extending members structurally interconnect said hulls adjacent uppermost portions thereof..Iaddend..Iadd. 102. A vessel according to claim 101wherein said vessel ballasting means includes means operable to transfer ballast from at least one compartment in one hull directly to at least one compartment in the other hull to control the heel of said vessel about its roll axis when required duringcolumn stabilized semisubmerged operations..Iaddend..Iadd. 103. A column stabilized semisubmersible drilling vessel comprising a vessel according to claim 93 and further comprising:
a drilling rig carried by said platform;
means carried by said vessel for accommodating sufficient drilling equipment for conducting offshore drilling operations in column stabilized semisubmerged high draft condition;
said vessel ballast means including means for counteracting change in vessel angle of trim caused when said vessel is in said high draft column stabilized semisubmerged condition for drilling operations and is subjected to load change of suchlocation and magnitude with respect to the pitch axis so that such ballast means provides when required a reduction of the vessel's angle of trim about its pitch axis during semisubmerged column stabilized drilling operations; and
said vessel ballast means also including means for similarly counteracting angle of heel caused when said vessel is in said high draft semisubmerged condition for drilling and is subjected to load change of such location and magnitude withrespect to the roll axis so that such ballast means provides when required a reduction of the vessel's angle of heel about its roll axis during high draft semisubmerged column stabilized drilling operations..Iaddend. .Iadd. 104. A vessel as in claim93 wherein: said transversely extending members have opposite end portions overlying top surfaces of said hulls with their opposite ends connected to columns on each of said hulls near said top surfaces..Iaddend..Iadd. 105. A vessel according to claim104 wherein: said opposite end portions of said transversely extending members are secured to said top surfaces of said hulls..Iaddend. .Iadd. 106. A column stabilized semisubmersible vessel consisting of a pair of elongated hulls disposed insubstantially parallel spaced side-by-side relation with each of said hulls spaced from and lying on an opposite side of the longitudinal centerline of said vessel, said vessel further comprising;
a working platform spaced above said hulls a predetermined height and normally lying in a generally horizontal plane;
means for supporting said platform in fixed spaced relation above said hulls including at least three pairs of upstanding columns connecting with each of said hulls and said platform, each of said columns having a substantially constant crosssectional area over the effective height of the column between the platform and associated hull;
each of said hulls having an oblong transverse cross section with a breadth greater than its height and having top and bottom substantially planar parallel surfaces extending substantially the entire length of each hull;
a plurality of longitudinally spaced structural truss means interconnecting and reinforcing the structural relationship of the hulls, platform and columns, with such truss means including substantially transversely extending members structurallyinterconnecting uppermost portions of the hulls;
said vessel being generally rectangular in plan with the length of said vessel along its longitudinal centerline and roll axis being at least plural times as great as the width of said vessel along its transverse centerline and pitch axis;
at least three of said columns being located on each of said two hulls on opposite sides of the vessel's roll axis with pairs of such columns being located near opposite ends of each of said hulls on opposite sides of the vessel's pitch axis andanother pair of said columns being located at an intermediate position on each of said hulls;
the configuration and cross-sectional areas of said columns throughout effective height thereof and the distances of said columns from the vessel's longitudinal roll axis and transverse pitch axis being such that said columns maintain thevessel's metacenter above the vessel's center of gravity for the high draft semisubmerged operating positions of the vessel and also being such that said columns provide righting moment about the longitudinal roll axis which is less than righting momentprovided about said transverse pitch axis when the vessel is in semisubmerged column stabilized operating position;
said hulls having ballast compartments; and
means for ballasting said vessel when required to alter its draft between a low draft hull-supported floating condition in which the hulls have freeboard with said transversely extending members structurally interconnecting uppermost portions ofthe hulls being disposed above the mean waterline and a high draft semisubmerged column stabilized floating and operating condition in which the mean waterline is located along intermediate portion of said columns above said hulls and below the undersideof said platform..Iaddend..Iadd. 107. A vessel according to claim 106, wherein: said means for ballasting includes means for adjusting vessel angle of heel change caused during semisubmerged operations to provide a reduction of the vessel's angle ofheel about its roll axis when required during semisubmerged column stabilized operations; and
said means for ballasting also includes means for adjusting vessel angle of trim change caused during semisubmerged operations to provide a reduction of the vessel's angle of trim about its pitch axis when required during operations of saidvessel in semisubmerged column stabilized
operations..Iaddend..Iadd. 108. A vessel according to claim 106, wherein the ballast compartment of each of said hulls includes at least two separate ballast compartments spaced transversely within each hull and a plurality of separate ballastcompartments spaced longitudinally within each hull..Iaddend..Iadd. 109. A vessel according to claim 106, wherein said vessel ballast means includes means for transferring ballast directly from one hull to the other hull to control heel of said vesselabout its roll axis when required during semisubmerged column stabilized floating operations..Iaddend..Iadd. 110. A vessel according to claim 106 wherein at least one of the columns on each said hull has an oblong cross section with a dimensionextending in the direction of the longitudinal vessel axis greater than the column's transversely extending dimension..Iaddend..Iadd. 111. A vessel according to claim 110 wherein all of said columns have such an oblong cross section with greaterdimension extending in direction of the vessel's longitudinal axis..Iaddend..Iadd. 112. A vessel according to claim 106 wherein the centroid of the cross section of at least one column on each hull lies outboard of the longitudinal centerline of theassociated hull..Iaddend..Iadd. 113. A vessel according to claim 112 wherein the centroid of all of said columns lies outboard of the longitudinal centerline of the associated hull..Iaddend..Iadd. 114. A vessel according to claim 106, wherein: eachof said columns has a cross section with a dimension extending in the direction of the vessel's longitudinal axis greater than the column's dimension extending transversely of the vessel, with the centroid of the cross section of each column on each hulllying outboard of the longitudinal centerline of the associated hull..Iaddend..Iadd. 115. A vessel according to claim 106, wherein each of said hulls is generally rectangular in cross section..Iaddend..Iadd. 116. A vessel according to claim 106,wherein said vessel has a length to width ratio of at least 2.0 to 1..Iaddend..Iadd. 117. A vessel according to claim 106, wherein: said vessel has a length which is at least 2.5 times as great as its width; each of said columns has an oblong crosssection with a dimension extending in the direction of the longitudinal vessel axis greater than the column's dimension extending transversely of the vessel; the centroid of the cross section of each column on each hull lies outboard of the longitudinalcenterline of the associated hull; each of said hulls is generally rectangular in cross section; and said transversely extending members structurally interconnect said hulls adjacent uppermost portions thereof..Iaddend..Iadd. 118. A vessel accordingto claim 117, wherein: the ballst compartment of each of said hulls includes at least two separate ballast compartments spaced transversely within each hull and a plurality of separate ballast compartments spaced longitudinally of the hull; said meansfor ballasting includes means for adjusting vessel angle of heel change caused during semisubmerged operations to provide a reduction of the vessel's angle of heel about its roll axis when required during semisubmerged columns stabilized operations; said means for ballasting also includes means for adjusting vessel angle of trim change caused during semisubmerged operations to provide a reduction of the vessel's angle of trim about its pitch axis when required during operations of said vessel insemisubmerged column stabilized operations; and said vessel ballast means also includes means operable to transfer ballast from at least one compartment in one hull directly to at least one compartment in the other hull to control the heel of saidvessel about its roll axis during semisubmerged operations..Iaddend..Iadd. 119. A vessel according to claim 106 wherein at least the upper end of said columns is modified in cross section to provide mechanical connection between the columns and theplatform..Iaddend..Iadd. 120. A vessel according to claim 119, wherein said modified column cross section includes a frustoconical section..Iaddend..Iadd. 121. A vessel according to claim 106 wherein at least the lower end of said columns is modifiedin cross section to provide mechanical connection between the columns and the associated hulls..Iaddend..Iadd. 122. A vessel according to claim 121 wherein said modified column cross section includes a frustoconical section..Iaddend..Iadd. 123. Acolumn stabilized semisubmersible drilling vessel comprising a vessel according to claim 106 and further comprising:
a drilling rig carried by said platform;
means carried by said vessel for accommodating sufficient drilling equipment for conducting offshore drilling operations in column stabilized semisubmerged high draft condition;
said vessel ballast means including means for counteracting change in vessel angle of trim caused when said vessel is in said high draft column stabilized semisubmerged condition for drilling operations and is subjected to load change of suchlocation and magnitude with respect to the pitch axis so that such ballast means provides when required a reduction of the vessel's angle of trim about its pitch axis during semisubmerged column stabilized drilling operations; and
said vessel ballast means also including means for similarly counteracting angle of heel caused when said vessel is in said high draft semisubmerged condition for drilling and is subjected to load change of such location and magnitude withrespect to the roll axis so that such ballast means provides when required a reduction of the vessel's angle of heel about its roll axis during high draft semisubmerged column stabilized drilling operations..Iaddend..Iadd. 124. A vessel as in claim106, wherein the centroids of the water plane areas defined by the cross sections of the columns are located outboard of the centerlines of the hulls an extended distance from the centerline of the vessel on opposite sides of the longitudinally extendingroll axis to develop larger moments of intertia of the water plane area about the roll axis (than would otherwise be the case if the longitudinal centerlines of said hulls and their associated columns were coincident)..Iaddend..Iadd. 125. A vessel asin claim 106, wherein the vessel has six columns including three columns on each hull, with one middle pair of columns located adjacent the vessel's transverse pitch axis and with two other pairs of columns located adjacent the vessel's transverse pitchaxis and with two other pairs of columns on opposite sides of the vessel pitch axis in generally symmetrical relation thereto near opposite ends of the associated hulls..Iaddend..Iadd. 126. A vessel as in claim 106, wherein: the vessel has a total oddnumber of pairs of columns and the middle pair of columns is located adjacent the vessel's pitch axis, with the remaining pairs of columns being disposed in equal numbers on opposite sides of the vessel pitch axis and with two pairs of columns locatednear opposite ends of said hulls..Iaddend..Iadd. 127. A vessel as in claim 106, wherein: the vessel has a total even number of pairs of columns and the middle two pairs of columns are located on opposite sides of and near the transverse pitch axis; the remaining pairs of said columns being located outwardly of said middle pairs of columns and including two pairs of each columns on the hulls near opposite ends of said hulls..Iaddend..Iadd. 128. A vessel as claimed in claim 106, wherein saidstabilizing columns have outboard portions thereof which extend transversely beyond the outboard sides of the respective hulls..Iaddend. .Iadd. 129. A vessel as in claim 106 wherein: said transversely extending members have opposite end portionsoverlying top surfaces of said hulls with their opposite ends connected to columns on each of said hulls near said top surfaces..Iaddend..Iadd. 130. A vessel according to claim 129 wherein: said opposite end portions of said transversely extendingmembers are secured to said top surfaces of said hulls..Iaddend. .Iadd. 131. A column stabilized semisubmersible vessel consisting of a pair of elongated hulls disposed in substantially parallel spaced side-by-side relation with each of said hullsspaced from and lying on an opposite side of the longitudinal centerline of said vessel, said vessel further comprising:
a working platform spaced above said hulls a predetermined height and lying in a generally horizontal plane;
means for supporting said platform in fixed spaced relation above said hulls including at least three pairs of upstanding columns connecting with each of said hulls and said platform;
each of said columns having a substantially constant cross sectional area over the effective height of the column between the platform and associated hull;
each of said hulls having an oblong transverse cross section with a breadth greater than its height and having top and bottom substantially planar parallel surfaces extending substantially the entire length of each hull, whereby such hull'sconfiguration provides increased mass resistance to movement of said hulls and vessel through water in a vertical direction when the vessel is in high draft semisubmerged column stabilized operating condition;
a plurality of longitudinally spaced structural truss means interconnecting and reinforcing the structural relationship of the hulls, platform and columns, with such truss means including substantially transversely extending members structurallyinterconnecting uppermost portions of the hulls;
said vessel being generally rectangular in plan with the length of said vessel along its longitudinal centerline and roll axis being substantially greater than the width of said vessel along its transverse centerline and pitch axis;
at least three of said columns being located on each of said two hulls on opposite sides of the vessel's roll axis with pairs of such columns being located near opposite ends of each of said hulls on opposite sides of the vessel's pitch axis andanother pair of said columns being located at an intermediate position on each of said hulls;
the configuration and cross-sectional areas of said columns throughout effective height thereof and the distances of said columns from the vessel's longitudinal roll axis and transverse pitch axis being such that said columns maintain thevessel's metacenter above the vessel's center of gravity for all high draft semisubmerged operating positions of the vessel and also being such that said columns provide righting moment about the longitudinal roll axis which is less than righting momentprovided about said transverse pitch axis when the vessel is in semisubmerged column stabilized operating position;
said hulls having ballast compartments;
means for ballasting said vessel when required to alter its draft between a low draft hull-supported floating condition in which the hulls have freeboard with said transversely extending members structurally interconnecting uppermost portions ofthe hulls being disposed above the mean waterline and a high draft semisubmerged column stabilized floating and operating condition in which the mean waterline is located along intermediate portion of said columns above said hulls and below the undersideof said platform;
said means for ballasting including means for adjusting vessel angle of heel change caused during semisubmerged operations to provide a reduction of the vessel's angle of heel about its roll axis when required during semisubmerged columnstabilized operations; and
said means for ballasting including means for adjusting vessel angle of trim change caused during semisubmerged operations to provide a reduction of the vessel's angle of trim about its pitch axis when required during
semisubmerged column stabilized operations. .Iaddend..Iadd. 132. A vessel according to claim 131, wherein the ballast compartment of each of said hulls includes at least two separate ballast compartments spaced transversely within each hulland a plurality of separate ballast compartments spaced longitudinally within each hull. .Iaddend..Iadd. 133. A vessel according to claim 131, wherein said vessel ballast means includes means for transferring ballast directly from one hull to theother hull to control heel of said vessel about its roll axis when required during semisubmerged column stabilized floating operations. .Iaddend..Iadd. 134. A vessel according to claim 131 wherein each of said columns on said hulls has an oblong crosssection with a dimension extending in the direction of the longitudinal vessel axis greater than the column's transversely extending dimension. .Iaddend..Iadd. 135. A vessel according to claim 131, wherein the centroid of the cross section of each ofthe columns on each hull lies outboard of the longitudinal centerline of the associated hull. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 136. A vessel according to claim 131, wherein each of said columns has a cross section with a dimension extending in the direction of thevessel's longitudinal axis greater than the column's dimension extending transversely of the vessel; with the centroid of the cross section of each column on each hull lying outboard of the longitudinal centerline of the associated hull. .Iaddend..Iadd. 137. A vessel according to claim 131, wherein each of said hulls is generally rectangular in cross section. .Iaddend..Iadd. 138. A vessel according to claim 131, wherein said vessel has a length to width ratio of at least 2.5 to 1. .Iaddend..Iadd. 139. A vessel according to claim 131, wherein said vessel has a length which is at least plural times as great as its width; each of said columns has an oblong cross section with a dimension extending in the direction of thelongitudinal vessel axis greater than the column's dimension extending transversely of the vessel; the centroid of the cross section of each column on each hull lies outboard of the longitudinal centerline of the associated hull; each of said hulls isgenerally rectangular in cross section; and said transversely extending members structurally interconnect said hulls adjacent uppermost portions thereof. .Iaddend..Iadd. 140. A vessel according to claim 139, wherein the ballast compartments of eachof said hulls includes at least two separate ballast compartments spaced transversely within each hull and a plurality of separate ballast compartments spaced longitudinally of the hull; and said vessel also includes ballast means operable to transferballast from at least one compartment in one hull directly to at least one compartment in the other hull to control the heel of said vessel about its roll axis during semisubmerged operations. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 141. A column stabilized semisubmersibledrilling vessel comprising a vessel according to claim 131 and further comprising:
a drilling rig carried by said platform;
means carried by said vessel for accommodating sufficient drilling equipment for conducting offshore drilling operations in column stabilized semisubmerged high draft condition;
said vessel ballast means including means for counteracting change in vessel angle of trim caused when said vessel is in said high draft column stabilized semisubmerged condition for drilling operations and is subjected to load change at suchlocation and magnitude with respect to the pitch axis so that such ballast means provides when required a reduction of the vessel's angle of trim about its pitch axis during semisubmerged column stabilized drilling operations, and
said vessel ballast means also including means for similarly counteracting angle of heel caused when said vessel is in said high draft semisubmerged condition for drilling and is subjected to load change of such location and magnitude withrespect to the roll axis so that such ballast means provides when required a reduction of the vessel's angle of heel about its roll axis during high draft semisubmerged column stabilized drilling operations. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 142. A vessel as in claim131 wherein: said transversely extending members have opposite end portions overlying top surfaces of said hulls with their opposite ends connected to columns on each of said hulls near said top surfaces. .Iaddend..Iadd. 143. A vessel according toclaim 142 wherein: said opposite end portions of said transversely extending members are secured to said top surfaces of said hulls. |
| Description: |
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a variable draft vessel having twin hulls for use with a drilling platform and other deck load and which is adapted for deep water drilling and other operations.
In attempts to locate new oil fields, an increasing and significant quantity of well drilling has been conducted in offshore sea and like locations where a substantial body of water overlies the oil field. This has generated considerableinterest and effort in offshore and deep water drilling. One current method of offshore drilling utilizes a fixed drill platform mounted on legs resting on or driven into the sea floor. These, however, are feasible for use only in relatively shallowdepths of water normally not greater than about 300 feet, which is a realistic depth limit for practical commerical operations. Deep water drilling has heretofore been accomplished with the employment of specifically designed and constructed vessels orrigs which have certain inherent disadvantages and limitations noted hereinafter. A brief review of both offshore and deep water drilling methods heretofore practiced and the vessels or rigs employed therewith will provide a more clear appreciation andunderstanding of the present invention, as well as a clear distinction between those vessels or rigs employed in offshore drilling and those employed in deep water drilling.
An early method of offshore drilling, still currently employed, provides for the erection of a self-contained fixed platform which is supported by pilings driven into the sea floor and has a drilling rig, auxiliary equipment and crew's quarterslocated on the platform. At the conclusion of the drilling, a tender is brought to dismantle and remove the drilling equipment and, in the case of a dry hole, the entire self-contained platform is dismantled and removed by tender. A variation of theforegoing method provides a somewhat smaller platform similarly erected on piles and having a drilling rig located thereon while the auxiliaries, equipment and crew are located in a tender tied alongside. At the conclusion of the drilling, the platformis likewise either left for oil production or is dismantled and removed in the case of a dry hole. Another method employs a self-elevating barge which is towed to the drilling site and provided with columns or legs which are then lowered and embedded inthe sea floor. The barge is then jacked up so as to clear the water surface and serves as a platform on which the drilling rig, crew, and auxiliary equipment are subsequently positioned for drilling operation. At the conclusion of the drilling, in theevent of a producing well, a fixed platform generally is erected for continuing oil production and the self-elevating barge is towed to another drilling site. The foregoing methods are each feasible for use in relatively shallow water depths of normally300 feet or less. The factors governing construction and operation of the vessels or rigs utilizing any of the foregoing arrangements are not significantly concerned with stability and other problems involved in conducting a drilling operation from afloating platform, as in deep water drilling, since the above-discussed rigs and vessels are constructed for sea bottom engagement.
Deep water and exploratory drilling has been accomplished by means of surface floating drilling vessels which are either towed or self-propelled to the drilling site and are self-contained in that the drilling rig, auxiliary equipment and crew'squarters form an integral part of the vessel. These floating drilling vessels are anchored over the drilling site and are normally provided with a central opening through which the drilling rig is operated. Drilling operations from these floatingvessels are, however, highly restricted by sea state conditions, since excessive vessel motion in heave, pitch and roll can and does damage the drilling equipment as well as aggravate the problem of maintaining the vessel anchored directly over thedrilling site. The stability characteristics of such a single-hulled drilling vessel are accordingly not conducive to efficient oil drilling operations. A catamaran type oil drilling vessel has been constructed; however, while that type vessel affordsgreater stability than a single-hulled vessel, it involves substantial problems which include excessive vessel motion due to wave action, no substantial motion minimizing characteristics, overstability and resultant "snapping" action which tossespersonnel about and may endanger the drilling string and other equipment. Accordingly, while these vessels are not geographically limited to offshore drilling operations, they are limited to use in restricted or calm waters.
Deep water and exploratory drilling operations have also employed semisubmersible platforms which, like the floating vessels, are completely self-contained. In this latter type, the platform is supported on a plurality of structural membersincluding stabilizing columns joined at their lower ends to a base flotation structure which, when in unballasted condition, floats the entire structure above the surface of the water with the base structure having freeboard. After being towed infreeboard condition to the drilling site, the base flotation structure is deballasted to submerge the same. To maintain the drilling platform above water in a relatively stabilized condition, the platform support structure includes a plurality ofcolumns which extend between the platform and the base structure and are partially submerged to the extent that the displacement of such columns in conjunction with any residual displacement of the base structure supports the overall semisubmergedstructure.
In one type of these prior semisubmersible platforms, the stabilizing patterns of the stabilizing columns form substantially symmetrical equilateral polygons with the columns located at the apices of the respective polygons which are normallysquare or triangular in shape. The equilateral symmetrical polygonal arrangement provides substantially identical righting moments about the roll and pitch axes, as well as any intermediate axes, regardless of wave direction. Another form of similarsemisubmersible vessel includes a plurality of stabilizing columns interconnected adjacent their upper ends so that only the columns float in the water, with the columns again being arranged in a symmetrical equilateral polygon. In general, while suchprior vessels of this type provide adequate stability for well drilling operations, they have an inherent disadvantage of very low mobility between drilling sites due to the shape and frontal area of the polygonally arranged columns and/or base structurepresented to the water surface when such vessels are towed; their towing speed often does not exceed 2 knots. Additionally, to achieve the necessary displacement for supporting the full weight of drilling rig, deck load, etc., for such a vessel having asymmetrical equilateral polygonal configuration of base structure and stabilizing columns, such prior type vessels are of such large dimension that they cannot pass through narrow waterways like the Panama and Suez Canals, whereby their use isaccordingly restricted.
Accordingly, it is a primary object of this invention to provide a new improved twin hull variable draft vessel which minimizes above-discussed and other shortcomings of prior offshore and deep water drilling rigs and vessels, and providesvarious advantages in construction, mode of operation and result over prior systems.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a variable draft vessel which, particularly in column stabilized floating condition, has the characteristic of minimizing vessel motion due to excitation forces caused by wave action(hereafter called "motion minimizing characteristic"). It is a related object to provide such a vessel affording improved motion minimizing characteristics in vessel pitch, roll and heave.
It is a related object of the present invention to provide a variable draft column stabilized vessel having rapid mobility in transit.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a twin hull variable draft column stabilized vessel which is operable in great depths of water as a self-contained drilling vessel.
It is further object of the present invention to provide a variable draft vessel having twin hulls which has a drilling platform mounted on a deck which is above the hulls an effective height slightly greater than the maximum anticipated waveheight.
It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a variable draft drilling vessel having stabilizing columns configured to reduce displacement of the vessel in heave in the high draft floating condition due to the inertia thereofand to provide reduced pitch and roll angles.
It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a deep water drilling vessel having twin hulls the draft of which is variable by ballasting and deballasting of the twin hulls to selectively orient the vessel in a low draftfloating condition with the hulls having freeboard and a high draft column stabilized floating condition.
It is a related object of the present invention to provide a variable draft deep water drilling vessel having twin hulls including separate ballast compartments in each hull together with ballasting means for selectively ballasting anddeballasting the several compartments in each hull thereby selectively correcting the heel and trim angles.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved variable draft vessel usable as a tender for other vessels, or as a platform for a heavy duty crane, dredge or other equipment, as well as for a drill rig.
These and other related objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following specification, claims, and appended drawings wherein:
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of the twin hull drilling platform and tender barge or vessel according to the present invention, with the vessel illustrated in the low draft towing condition;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the vessel similar to that of FIG. 1 and illustrating the vessel in the high draft, column stabilized, floating condition;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the vessel, with portions broken out for ease of illustration;
FIG. 4 is a horizontal sectional view taken about on line 4--4 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a transverse sectional view taken about on line 5--5 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a transverse sectional view taken about on line 6--6 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a bow end elevational view of the vessel in the column stabilized high draft condition;
FIG. 8 is an aft end elevational view of the vessel in the column stabilized high draft condition;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of one of the hulls of the vessel illustrating the ballast system therefor; and
FIGS. 10A and 10B are elevational and plan diagrammatic illustrations respectively of another embodiment of the vessel hereof.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawings, there is shown a variable draft drilling platform (hereinafter referred to as a vessel) generally indicated at 10 comprising a pair of transversely spaced, elongated hulls 12 extending in spaced parallel relation andproviding sufficient displacement to support vessel 10 in the low draft floating condition with the hulls having freeboard indicated at f. Hulls 12 are substantially identical one with the other, each hull having a substantially rectangular cross sectionas seen in FIGS. 5 and 6. Each hull 12 has designed hydrostatic properties and hydrodynamic characteristics, including being streamlined for minimum resistance in motion. Each hull has freeboard f and a bow 14 and stern 16 with midbody between. Inwardly curved outboard side formations at bow portions 14 are indicated at 18. Hulls 12 are thus formed substantially streamlined in shape to minimize resistance to towing through the water when vessel 10 is entirely supported by hulls 12 in the lowdraft floating condition as illustrated in FIG. 1.
A platform or main deck 20 is supported in spaced relation above hulls 12 a predetermined height h (FIG. 1) which is at least equal to and preferably slightly greater than the maximum anticipated wave height, i.e., the vertical distance betweenwave crest and trough, by support structure comprising a plurality of longitudinally spaced, transversely extending truss formations generally indicated at 22 and a plurality of spaced stabilizing columns 24. The first, second, third and fifth trussformulations 22, looking aft in FIG. 4, each includes a lower transversely extending base tubular member 26 having opposite end portions overlying and secured to hulls 12 to maintain the latter in predetermined spaced relation preferably a distance atleast equal to a hull beam. The length of the members 26 of the first, third, and fifth truss formations 22 are identical while the base member 26 of the second truss formation is extended to the longitudinal centerline of the centrally locatedstabilizing columns 24. A plurality of diagonally and upwardly extending columns 28 are suitably secured at their lower ends to base members 26 and at their upper ends to platform 20 to form a pair of transversely extending V-shaped truss formations asbest seen in FIGS. 5, 6, and 8. The fourth truss formation 22 comprises a pair of V-shaped formations without a lower base member. The first, third, and fourth truss formations 22 have outboard columns 30 joined at their lower ends to the outboardedges of hulls 12 and which extend upwardly and inwardly to the outboard edges of platform 20. A plurality of inboard columns 32 extend from the inner edges of hulls 12 upwardly to intermediate portions of platform 20 at longitudinally spaced positionsalong the hulls between transverse truss formations 22 to provide additional support for platform 20. It will be noted that the forwardmost truss formation 22 is spaced a considerable distance aft of the forward ends of hulls 12 to provide a substantialopen area 33, unencumbered by support structure, between forward portions of the hulls. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art in light of the disclosure herein that other specific support constructions and column and truss arrangements can beused in a vessel according to this invention.
As discussed more fully hereinafter, the support structure also includes stabilizing columns 24 extending upwardly from the upper surface of hulls 12, a distance which may be equal to and is preferably at least slightly greater than the maximumanticipated wave height, the vertical distance between wave crest and trough. In the preferred illustrated embodiment, the columns 24 extend upward to platform 20 and form a part of the structural support therefor whereby their effective height is equalto the height h between the upper surface of hulls 12 and the underside of platform 20. In the preferred embodiment, columns 24 are located adjacent opposite ends of each hull 12 with a third column being provided on each hull intermediate the endsthereof. As seen in section in FIG. 4, columns 24 preferably are generally oval shaped with longitudinally elongated vertical sides and cylindrical fore and aft vertical end sections 34. Besides providing streamlining in the direction of the vessel'slongitudinal axis, this provides increased vessel stability. Use of columns 24 provides better motion minimizing characteristics when the vessel is in the floating high draft condition. Stabilizing columns 24 are preferably constant in cross sectionalarea throughout their effective height h. It will be understood that either or both the upper and lower ends of the columns may be reduced in cross section, for example, to form frusto-conical sections, to provide mechanical connection between thecolumns and the hulls and platform which do not substantially affect the effective height or make the latter subject thereto.
A drilling platform 35 is spaced above main deck 20 adjacent the forward end of the vessel by a plurality of support beams 36 secured at their lower ends to platform 20. A house 38 is provided adjacent the forward end of drill platform 35adjacent the forward edge thereof. Truss formations 40 have a pair of transversely spaced legs 42 secured at their lower ends to mounting members 44 fixed to platform 35 adjacent the aft edge thereof, legs 42 providing the aft support for trusses 40. There is supported on drill platform 35, a drill rig or derrick 46, having a pair of transversely spaced base truss formations 48 forming diverging legs which are pivotally secured at their lower ends to mounting members 44, whereby drill rig or derrick46 can be pivotally moved between a vertically extending drill operating position seen in FIG. 2, and a lowered inoperative position seen in FIG. 1. The base portion 48 of derrick 46 seats against and is suitably secured by means not shown to trussformations 40 to maintain the same in a vertical position whereby a drill string 50 can be supported from the upper end 52 of the derrick 46 so that string 50 extends between hulls 12 on the center line of the vessel forward of the first truss formation22 into open area 33. Main deck 20 has a deck superstructure 54 supporting a weather deck 56 mounting a pair of transversely spaced, upstanding beams 58 carrying a transverse beam 60 at the upper ends thereof for supporting the upper end of derrick 46when the latter is pivoted to the lowered horizontal position shown in FIG. 1. The main deck superstructure 54 houses the machinery, crews quarters, and additional drilling equipment while weather deck 56 supports an after deckhouse 62 and a pluralityof transversely extending pipe racks 64. A longitudinally extending catwalk 66 is positioned intermediate pipe racks 64 to provide access to any portion along the racks. The top deck of deckhouse 62 supports a heliport 70 and ballast control house 71.
In a preferred form hereof, particularly as seen in FIGS. 4, 7, and 8, columns are disposed along the outboard sides of hulls 12 such that the inner faces of columns 24 lie parallel to and in vertical alignment with the center line of theassociated hull. The displacement and stability requirements of columns 24 are such that these columns have a transverse dimension locating an outboard portion 72 of each column 24 in overhanging relation to the outer hull sides, with the longitudinalaxes of columns 24 being spaced laterally outwardly of the center line of the hulls and located inwardly of and adjacent the outer hull sides. The centroids of the water plane areas defined by the cross sections of the columns 24 are thus located anextended distance from the center line of the vessel on opposite sides thereof to develop larger moments of inertia of the water plane areas about the roll axis than would otherwise be the case if the longitudinal center lines of each of the hulls andtheir associated stabilizing columns were coincident. The upper surfaces of the outer overhanging portions 72 of columns 24 form a continuation of main deck or platform 20 as seen in FIGS. 3 and 7 and each such upper surface adjacent the corners of thevessel mounts a pair of mooring pulleys 76, which forms a part of the vessel positioning or station keeping system. A pair of mooring winches 78 are located in a machinery space adjacent the bottom of each of the four corner stabilizing columns 24 andcarry anchoring cables 80 which extend over pulleys 76 through chocks 84. Winches 78, pulleys 76, and cables 80 provide an 8-point mooring to anchors system which serves to hold and maintain the vessel in fixed position over the drilling site when thevessel is floating in the high draft column stabilized condition. Other types of positioning or station keeping devices, such as dynamic positioning devices, mooring to piles and the like, may be employed with equal facility and the foregoing describedanchoring system is representative only of a preferred form thereof.
A pair of cranes 84 and 86 are mounted on opposite sides of the vessel and may be of any conventional design, including the usual booms 88 and operating cabs 90. Cranes 84 and 86 may have any desired capacity, for example, 50 tons, crane 84having an 80 foot boom and crane 86 having a 100 foot boom. The smaller crane 84 is preferably employed to service the self-contained drilling rig aboard vessel 10 such as for example raising or lowering the drill rig or loading and unloading pipes frompipe racks 64. The heavier crane 86 is preferably employed when vessel 10 is utilized as a tender, for example, in erecting or dismantling and generally servicing other drilling rigs. Crane 84 is pivotally mounted on a supporting column member 92 fixedat its lower end adjacent the outboard side of one of the hulls while crane 86 is pivotally supported on a columnar member 94 spaced from intermediate column 24 and fixed at its lower end to the outboard side of the other hull 12.
As seen in FIG. 9, hulls 12 are each divided into compartments 96 forming a plurality of ballast chambers for varying the draft of the vessel. While only the starboard hull and ballast system therefor are illustrated in FIG. 9, it will beunderstood that the port hull is similarly arranged and ballasted but is of the opposite hand. Ballast chambers 96 are selectively and independently ballasted and deballasted whereby the vessel may be partially submerged with the platform 20 remainingsubstantially level throughout the partial submergence of the vessel and the stability of the vessel in both roll and pitch may be corrected during partial submergence and retention of the vessel at the column stabilized, high draft, drilling depth. Tothis end, a plurality of conduits 98 extend from a centrally located pump room P in each of the hulls in opposite longitudinal directions to the several ballast compartments 96, there being, in the preferred form, four ballast compartments in each of theaft and forward portions of each hull. A pair of conduits 100 extend aft from pump room P and terminate in a pair of compartments 102 which may be employed as supplemental ballast compartments or as compartments containing drilling water. While not apart of the ballasting system per se, a pair of bilge water conduits 104 extend fore and aft from pump room P into the bilges of the hulls and are in communication with the ballast pumps in a manner to be described.
The pump room is provided with a sea suction inlet indicated at 106 and an overboard discharge indicated at 108 controlled by suitable power operated gate valves 110 and 112, respectively, the hull sides being indicated by the dashed lines inFIG. 9. A pair of pumps 114 and 116 are provided to suction sea wa | | | |
