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Strawberry plant Nama |
| PP8747 |
Strawberry plant Nama
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| Patent Drawings: | |
| Inventor: |
Izhar, et al. |
| Date Issued: |
May 24, 1994 |
| Application: |
07/823,721 |
| Filed: |
January 22, 1992 |
| Inventors: |
Izhar; Shamay (Rehovot, IL)
Izsak; Eva (Rehovot, IL)
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| Assignee: |
The Volcani Center, State of Israel, Ministry of Agriculture (Bet Dagan, IL) |
| Primary Examiner: |
Feyrer; James R. |
| Assistant Examiner: |
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| Attorney Or Agent: |
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| U.S. Class: |
PLT/209 |
| Field Of Search: |
Plt/48; Plt/49 |
| International Class: |
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| U.S Patent Documents: |
PP3561; PP4487; PP5262; PP5263; PP5264; PP5268; PP6578; PP7024; PP7172 |
| Foreign Patent Documents: |
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| Other References: |
Howard, C. M. and Albregts, E. E., 1980, "Dover" strawberry. HortScience 15(4):540..
Dubinsky, V., The Influence of daylength and night temperature on early flowering in strawberry. M.Sc. Thesis, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot, Israel (Hebrew original and English translation)..
Bringhurst, R. S. and Voth, V., 1989, California Strawberry Cultivars. Fruit Var. J. 43(1):12-19..
Izsak, E. and Izhar, S., Registration No. 370/82, registered Nov. 26, 1984 under State of Israel Plant Breeders' Rights Law of 1973 for strawberry variety `Rachel`..
Izsak, E., 1978, "Nurit": new early variety for export. Hassedah 59:443-446 (Hebrew original and English translation)..
Izsak, E. and Izhar, S., 1983, The importance of day length and night temperature on earliness in strawberry. Hassadeh 63:2100-2103 (Hebrew original and English translation)..
Izsak, E. and Izhar, S., 1984, Breeding and testing of early strawberry varieties in the central and the northern Negev regions. Hassadeh 64:1774-1777 (Hebrew original and English translation)..
Izsak, E. and Izhar, S., 1984, "Rachel": a new early variety of strawberry for export. Hassadeh 64:1778-1781 (Hebrew original and English translation).. |
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| Abstract: |
A new and distinct variety of strawberry (Fragaria L.) called "Nama" is disclosed. The variety is a cross between "Chandler" and "232", which results in a variety that flowers several months earlier than most other known strawberry varieties. |
| Claim: |
What is claimed is:
1. A new distinct variety of strawberry plant substantially as illustrated and described and distinguished as being able to grow in September and produce fruit starting inNovember and lasting until summer, with fruit having a good taste and shape and a long shelf life. |
| Description: |
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of strawberry (Fragaria L.) called "Nama". The variety was developed from an organized scientifically designated breeding program carried out at the Agricultural Research Organization,the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. The variety is the product of selection of seedlings resulting from crosses between the strawberry varieties "Chandler" and "232". The variety was asexually vegetatively propagated through runners and thereproduction ran true.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The new variety "Nama" is able to grow in September and produce fruit starting in November and lasting until summer. The production of fruit beginning in November is two months earlier than classical short-day strawberry varieties and within asimilar time frame of strawberry varieties "Shalom" (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,876), "Smadar" (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,865), "Saaid" (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 870), "Dorit" (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,869) "Sharon" (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,881). The fruit ofthe "Nama" variety is characterized by good taste, good shape and size as well as a long shelf life.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1. -- Photograph of the "Nama" variety illustrating the fruit.
FIG. 2. -- Photograph of the "Nama" variety illustrating a cross-section of the fruit.
FIG. 3. -- Photograph of the "Nama" variety illustrating the entire plant with foliage, flowers and fruit.
DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The "Nama" variety was grown in winter under polyethylene tunnels in Israel. "Nama" is an infra short-day strawberry variety. Infra short-day varieties are induced to initiate flower bud primordia in response to relatively long light regimes(but under short-day conditions) and are relatively insensitive to night temperatures. Flowering and fruit production is not affected by the use of polyethylene wind tunnels. This production procedure is utilized in normal agricultural practices by theskilled artisan and does not involve temperature or light control. Mother plants were stored at 0.degree. C. from January through April. They were then planted in the nursery without further treatment. Runners with plantlets were produced duringsummer. These young plantlets were collected from the nursery in September and transferred to raised beds. Average temperatures at that time of the year are 30.degree. C. during the day and 22.degree. C. at night. Water and fertilizers were appliedthrough drip irrigation. An example of an optimum planting date is between September 5 and 15 with the approximate date of flowering on October 15 and the approximate date of first fruiting on November 15. "Nama" flowering is not induced by chilling,but by natural exposure to shortening day length. Color readings described herein were taken under natural light conditions and color identifications were made by reference to the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart (RHSCC) except where commonterms of color definition are employed.
The pertinent characteristics of the present invention are presented in Table 1 and Table 2. Additionally, the variety "Nama" (1) has no tendency toward fruit malformation; (2) disease resistance appears normal in that no particular problematicconditions arose during trials; and (3) the type of bearing is not remontant (e.g., "Nama" blooms perpetuously, during late fall and winter).
The fruit is longer than broad, with first order and second order fruit possessing different shapes (Table 2). The fruit is firm with an orange-red color (Table 2).
The variety "Nama" flowers several months earlier than known strawbery varieties. One of the closest nown varieties is "Karina" (Table 1), and the new varieties mentioned supra; e.g., U.S. Plant Pat. Nos. 7,881 ("Sharon"), 7,876 ("Shalom"),7,865 ("Smadar"), 7,870 ("Saaid") and 7,869 ("Dorit"). Additionally, early flowering results in early fruit production for "Nama" and the two varieties, "Virginia", subject of U.S. Plant Patent Application Ser. No. 07/823,802 filed Jan. 22, 1992; and"Ofra", subject of U.S. Plant Patent Application Ser. No. 07/823,638 filed Jan. 22, 1992. Total Soluble Solids (TSS), marketable appearance, fruit color, sepal appearance, firmness, pressure defects and general health are presented in Table 3 bycomparison to the co-pending varieties as well as the short-day variety, "Douglas" (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 4,487).
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ PLANT CHARACTERISTICS OF "NAMA" MORPHOLOGICAL COMPARABLE TRAIT DESCRIPTION.sup.a VARIETY.sup.b ______________________________________ Classification Botanical- Fragaria L. Plant habitGlobose "Sengana" Plant density Medium "Gorella" Plant vigor Strong "Grande" Leaf: a) Length 110-160 mm b) Width 105-125 mm c) Color Medium Green 1) Upper Side: Medium Green d) Blistering Medium e) Cross-section Slightly Convex f) # ofleaflets Sometimes >3 Terminal leaflet a) Length/Width Longer than broad ratio b) Shape of base Obtuse c) Shape of teeth Obtuse d) Length 50-65 mm e) Width 45-60 mm Flower a) Size Large b) Size of calyx to Similar corolla c) Size ofinner calyx Larger versus outer calyx d) Spacing of petals Overlapping e) Diameter 1) First order 32 mm 2) Second order 25 mm f) Petal length/width Nearly as broad as long 1) length 10-12 mm 2) width 10-14 mm g) Time of flowering Early"Karina".sup.c Petiole a) Pose of hairs Outwards b) Length 45-90 mm Infloresence a) Position relative Above to foliage Fruiting truss: Prostrate Attitude ______________________________________ .sup.a The description of "Nama" is based on thetest guidelines for Fragaria L. of the International Union for the Protection of New Plant Varieties, (UPOV). .sup.b Only characteristics which are relevant for comparing varieties ar listed. For example, there are no varietal differencesacknowledged in th characteristics "color of lower side of leaf". .sup.c "Nama" flowers at the end of October. One of the earliest known varieties for comparison is "Karina", which flowers in January. Additionally, "Nama" flowers within approximatelythe same time range as strawberry varieties "Shalom" (U.S. Plant Pat. 7876), "Smadar" (U.S. Plan Pat. 7865), "Saaid" (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7820), "Dorit" (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7869), "Sharon" (U.S. Plant Pat. 7881), as well as "Virginia" and "Ofra",described in U.S. Plant Pat. Application Ser. No. 07/823,802, filed Jan. 22, 1992, and U.S. Plant Pat. Application Ser. No. 07/823,638, filed Jan. 22, 1992, respectively.
TABLE 2 ______________________________________ FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF "NAMA" CHARACTERISTICS DESCRIPTION ______________________________________ Time of ripening Early Ratio of length/maximum width Longer than broad Size Large FirstOrder a) Predominant Shape Wedged b) Length 40-50 mm c) Width 36-40 mm d) Thickness 25-32 mm e) Weight 21 g Second Order a) Predominant Shape Conical b) Length 40-50 mm c) Width 29-34 mm d) Thickness 25-32 mm e) Weight 19 g Difference inshape between first Marked order and second order fruit Band without achenes Narrow Unevenness of surface Absent or very weak Color Orange-red Evenness of color Even Glossiness Strong Insertion of achenes Below surface Insertion of calyx Atlevel Pose of calyx segments Clasping or free Size of calyx in relation to Larger fruit diameter Adherence of calyx Strong Firmness Firm Color of flesh Orange-red Evenness of flesh color Slightly uneven ______________________________________
TABLE 3 ______________________________________ COMPARATIVE SHELF-LIFE AND FLAVOR OF "NAMA" Mar- Percentage Se- ket- Pres- Firmness.sup.a pal able sure New- ap- Fruit ap- Sugar Vari- de- Vis- ton pear- co- pear- content ety Healthfects ual units ance.sup.b lor.sup.c ance.sup.d T.S.S..sup.e ______________________________________ First test: at harvest date Na- 100 0 5 3.7 5 3.5 4.0 8.0 ma Vir- 100 0 5 4.2 5 3.5 4.0 8.5 ginia.sup.f Ofra.sup.g 100 0 5 6.0 5 4.0 4.5 9.6 Douglas.sup.h 100 0 5 3.7 5 4.5 4.0 6.5 Second test: After 3 days of storage at 2.degree. C. Na- 78 22 3.5 3.0 4 4.0 3.7 ma Vir- 80 20 3.5 3.5 4 4.2 3.8 ginia Ofra 92 8 4.0 6.0 4 4.2 4.4 Douglas 76 24 3.7 3.5 4 5.0 3.7 Third test: after 3days storage at 2.degree. C. plus 2 additional days at simulated shelf temperature of 18.degree. C. Na- 44 56 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.5 3.0 ma Vir- 50 50 3.0 2.8 3.0 4.5 3.2 ginia Ofra 55 45 3.5 5.5 3.2 4.5 3.5 Douglas 45 55 3.0 3.0 3.2 5.0 3.2 ______________________________________ INDEX: .sup.a 5hard 1soft .sup.b 5green, fresh like, 1dry, brown .sup.c 5dark red, 1green, pink .sup.d 5prime 1not marketable .sup.e Total Soluble Solids (T.S.S.) expresses fruit sweetness and was determinedwith a refractometer .sup.f U.S. Plant Pat. Application Ser. No. 07/823,802 January 22, 1992 .sup.g U.S. Plant Pat. Application Ser. No. 07/823,638, January 22, 1992 .sup.h U.S. Plant Pat. No. 4,487
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