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Strawberry plant named `Laguna` |
| PP8663 |
Strawberry plant named `Laguna`
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| Patent Drawings: | |
| Inventor: |
Voth, et al. |
| Date Issued: |
March 29, 1994 |
| Application: |
08/041,750 |
| Filed: |
April 1, 1993 |
| Inventors: |
Bringhurst; Royce S. (Davis, CA)
Shaw; Douglas V. (Davis, CA)
Voth; Victor (Santa Ana, CA)
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| Assignee: |
The Regents of the University of California (Oakland, CA) |
| Primary Examiner: |
Feyrer; James R. |
| Assistant Examiner: |
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| Attorney Or Agent: |
Townsend and Townsend Khourie and Crew |
| U.S. Class: |
PLT/209 |
| Field Of Search: |
Plt/48; Plt/49 |
| International Class: |
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| U.S Patent Documents: |
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| Foreign Patent Documents: |
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| Other References: |
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| Abstract: |
`Laguna` is a short-day (June-bearing) cultivar similar to `Chandler` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 5,262) with similar total productivity and somewhat later productivity, large and very symmetrically conic fruit, firmer fruit, and a larger and more vigorous plant. |
| Claim: |
We claim:
1. The new and distinct variety of strawberry plant illustrated and described and having the characteristics above enumerated. |
| Description: |
DESCRIPTION
This invention relates to a new and distinctive short-day type cultivar designated as `Laguna`, which resulted from a cross performed in 1988 between the cultivar `Irvine` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,172) and advanced selection Cal 85.92-602.
`Laguna` was first fruited at the University of California South Coast Research and Extension Center, near Irvine, Calif., in 1989, where it was selected, originally designated Cal 88.66-616, and propagated asexually by runners. Asexualpropagules from this original source have been tested at the South Coast Research and Extension Center, the Watsonville Strawberry Research Facility, and to a limited extent in grower fields starting in 1990.
FIG. 1 shows the general floweringand fruiting characteristics of the plant;
FIG. 2 shows a typical mature leaf during late spring; and
FIG. 3 shows representative midseason fruit.
`Laguna` is typical of short-day types and produces fruit over an extended period when treated appropriately in arid, subtropical climates. `Laguna` differs from `Irvine` in that `Irvine` is aday-neutral type with essentially no photoperiodic flowering response and is very difficult to grow as compared to `Laguna.` The production pattern for `Laguna` is similar to that for `Chandler` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 5,262); it produces equivalentquantities of early-season fruit, and persists somewhat later in the season in cool mediterranean climates. `Laguna` will be of special interest for winter plantings, where `Chandler` has been successful, and for summer plantings where `Pajaro` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 4,538) has been successful. Because of its late season production, `Laguna` is likely to be adapted to production objectives in central California, as well as in southern California.
Plants and foliage: Fruiting plants of `Laguna` are larger, more erect, and more vigorous than plants of `Chandler`, and are generally larger and similar in form to `Oso Grande` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 6,578). `Laguna` forms branch crowns ingreater quantity than `Chandler` with similar or greater branching than `Oso Grande`. When propagated in the nursery, `Laguna` has similar or greater runner production capacity compared with `Chandler`. Comparative statistics for foliar characters,including leaf color, near mid-season are given for the three cultivars in Table 1 with visual comparisons of leaf color to the Munsell color scale (Nickerson Color Fan) given in Table 5. Leaf color is distinctly lighter on the underside for `Laguna`;the differential is larger than for `Chandler` and similar to that for `Oso Grande`. Individual leaflets for `Laguna` are larger but otherwise similar in shape to those of `Chandler`, and are more elongated than for `Oso Grande`. Leaves (includingpetioles) are longer and much broader than for `Chandler`. Petioles are thicker and more stiff than those of `Chandler` and are similar to those of `Oso Grande`. Paired stipules, borne in a median position on the petiole, appear as small, stalked,ovate to heart-shaped structures on some leaves for `Laguna` and on most leaves for the comparison cultivars. Stipule size varies greatly both within and among individual plants for `Laguna`, and one or both stipules are frequently absent or may absciseas the leaf matures. Leaf and petiole pubescence characters for `Laguna` are similar to those for `Oso Grande`, except that tomentum on leaves are substantially less dense. Also, leaves for `Laguna` are similar in color to leaves of `Chandler` and `OsoGrande`. Visual comparisons of fruit color according to the Munsell color scale (Nickerson Color Fan) are given in Table 5. `Laguna` has flat (occasionally concave) leaves, which are easily distinguished from `Chandler`, and which are similar inconvexity to `Oso Grande`.
Isozymes in leaf extracts: `Laguna` has been classified for three isozyme systems using starch gel electrophoresis (Table 2): Phosophoglucoisomerase (PGI), Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP), and Phosphoglucomutase (PGM). It is distinguishable fromall other short-day cultivars released to date except `Oso Grande`. For electrophoretic procedures see: J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 106:684-687.
Disease and pest reaction: `Laguna` is moderately resistant to common leaf spot (Ramularia tulasnei) and powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca macularis). When treated properly, it has equal or greater tolerance to two-spotted spidermites (Tetranychusurticae) than `Chandler`. `Laguna` is tolerant to strawberry viruses encountered in California.
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ Foliar characteristics for `Laguna`, `Chandler`, and `Oso Grande`. Cultivar Foliar Character `Laguna` `Chandler` `Oso Grande` ______________________________________ Mid-tier leaflet Length(mm) mean 95.4 82.4 77.2 range 82-115 78-94 75-80 Width (mm) mean 83.6 71.4 67.6 range 70-110 63-88 62-71 Mid-tier leaf Length (mm) mean 274.4 244.2 191.6 range 252-315 218-262 170-200 Width (mm) mean 161.4 148.0 137.2 range 140-185 132-158130-149 Leaf color (CIELAB)* L* mean 30.8 31.4 31.9 range 29.2-32.3 27.1-33.3 29.9-33.0 a* mean -7.1 -8.0 -5.3 range -5.3--8.7 -5.2--8.2 -4.2--8.3 b* mean 15.6 16.0 15.5 range 13.1-20.4 12.9-21.4 12.5-20.6 # leaflets/leaf 3 3 3 Leafconvexity flat/slight concave concave concave Serrations number moderate many moderate shape semi-round semi-pointed semi-round semi-pointed Leaf pubescence sparse moderate/ moderate/ sparse heavy Petiole pubescence density heavy heavy heavy direction perpendicular acropetal perpendicular ______________________________________ *CIELAB is the abbreviation of the international color system known as "Commission Internationale De L'Eclairage" 1978. Recommendations on uniform color spaces --color difference equations, psychometric color terms, Supplement No. 2 to CIE Publication No. 15. PARIS.
TABLE 2 ______________________________________ Isozyme phenotypes for `Laguna`, `Chandler`, and `Oso Grande`. Cultivar Locus `Laguna` `Chandler` `Oso Grande` ______________________________________ PGI A2 A1 A2 LAP B3 B3 B3 PGM C2 C1 C2 ______________________________________
Flowering, fruit, and production characteristics: Comparative statistics for flower and fruit characters, including fruit color, near mid-season are given for `Laguna`, `Chandler` and `Oso Grande` in Table 3. The primary flowers for `Laguna` arelarger than those of `Chandler` and `Oso Grande`; the sepals for `Laguna` are substantially larger than for the comparison cultivars. Each primary flower has 6-8 petals. The calyx for `Laguna` is usually even with the shoulder of the fruit, but isoccasionally slightly indented. The primary fruit shape for `Laguna` is a very symmetrical and conic, with secondary fruit usually similar in shape. External fruit color for `Laguna` is lighter and substantially more orange than fruit of `Chandler` and`Oso Grande`; internal color is lighter than for `Chandler` and `Oso Grande`. Achenes vary from yellow to light red, and are slightly indented; the fruit is glossy, but not as glossy as `Chandler`.
`Laguna` has been tested under a variety of cultural regimes, and optimal performance is obtained when nursery treatments, pre-plant chilling regimes, plant densities, and nutritional programs similar to those that optimize performance for`Chandler` are used. In general, `Laguna` is more adapted to early-season planting with less supplemental chilling than `Chandler`.
`Laguna` has similar average fruit size and yields to those of `Chandler` and `Oso Grande` (Table 4). `Laguna` is similar to `Chandler` and `Oso Grande` in its production pattern, although it produces better quality fruit late in the productionseason than either comparison cultivar (with conventional winter planting). Commercial appearance ratings have been better than those for `Chandler` or `Oso Grande`. Fruit firmness for `Laguna` is equal to or greater than that for `Oso Grande`, and thefruit is substantially firmer than fruit from `Chandler`. Subjectively, `Laguna` has very good flavor, somewhat less aromatic than `Chandler`, somewhat less sweet but with better acid balance than `Oso Grande`. The fruit will be outstanding for bothfresh market and processing, due to its firm flesh and will be useful for home garden purposes.
TABLE 3 ______________________________________ Flower and fruit characters for `Laguna`, `Chandler`, and `Oso Grande`. Cultivar Character `Laguna` `Chandler` `Oso Grande` ______________________________________ # petals mean 6.4 6.6 5.0 range 6-8 6-8 5-5 Flower position exposed even/ exposed (relative to foliage) exposed Calyx diam. (mm) mean 52.8 47.7 34.1 range 45-56 45-53 27-38 Corolla diam. (mm) mean 41.8 39.3 32.2 range 38-48 36-46 27-41 Fruit shape length/width 1.101.33 1.06 ratio subjective conic flat conic blocky/conic Calyx position even/slight even/slight even/slight indent neck indent Seed position slight even/slight even indent indent Fruit color (CIELAB) external L* 29.0 23.6 22.4 a* 38.2 38.531.2 b* 25.4 14.8 17.2 internal L* 54.3 46.2 54.1 a* 27.0 39.1 30.4 b* 21.3 29.4 22.7 ______________________________________
TABLE 4 ______________________________________ Performance for selection `Laguna` compared with `Oso Grande` and `Chandler` at the South Coast Research and Extension Center in 1991. All plants were dug from the South Coast nursery on October1 and planted October 2 (68"/4-row beds, 23,061 plants/A, 100 g/plant = 425 Crates/A). Yield Total Appear- To 4/1 Yield Size ance Firm- (g/plant) (g/plant) (g/fruit) Score ness ______________________________________ `Laguna` 473 1,510 22.7 4.45.0 `Chandler` 463 1,738 23.3 3.9 4.0 `Oso Grande` 530 1,675 25.0 3.8 4.9 ______________________________________
TABLE 5 ______________________________________ Munsell color classification for leaf and fruit characters. Munsell Munsell Leaf Color Classes Fruit Color Classes Upper Lower Item (Adaxial) (Abaxial) External Internal ______________________________________ Chandler 5GY 4/3 5GY 5/6 5R 5/13 7R 5/13 5GY 5/6 5R 4/12 Oso 5GY 4/3 5GY 5/6 5R 5/13 7.5R 7/9 5GY 3/2 7.5GY 6/8 7.5R 5/13 7.5R 6/12 Laguna 7.5GY 6/8 5G 6/8 7.5R 5/13 2.5R 9/3 7.5GY 5/7 5G 5/8 7.5R 4/11 ______________________________________
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