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Strawberry plant Sharon |
| PP7881 |
Strawberry plant Sharon
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| Patent Drawings: | |
| Inventor: |
Izsak, et al. |
| Date Issued: |
June 9, 1992 |
| Application: |
07/735,969 |
| Filed: |
July 25, 1991 |
| Inventors: |
Izhar; Shamai (Rehovot, IL)
Izsak; Eva (Rehovot, IL)
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| Assignee: |
State of Israel, Ministry of Agriculture, The Volcani Center (Bet Dagan, IL) |
| Primary Examiner: |
Feyrer; James R. |
| Assistant Examiner: |
|
| Attorney Or Agent: |
Pennie & Edmonds |
| U.S. Class: |
PLT/208 |
| Field Of Search: |
Plt/48; Plt/49 |
| International Class: |
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| U.S Patent Documents: |
PP4487; PP5262; PP5263; PP5264; PP5268; PP6578; PP7024; PP7172 |
| Foreign Patent Documents: |
370/82 |
| Other References: |
Izsak, E. (1978) Hassadeh 59:443-446..
Izsak, E. and Izhar, S. (1983) Hassadeh 63:2100-2103..
Izsak, E. and Izhar, S. (1984) Hassadeh 64:1774-1777..
Izsak, E. and Izhar, S. (1984) Hassadeh, 64:1778-1781..
Howard, C. M. and Albregts, E. E., 1980; HortScience 15(4):540..
Dubinsky, V., 1985; M.Sc. Thesis, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot, Israel (Hebrew original and English translation)..
Bringhurst, R. S. and Voth, V., 1989; Fruit Var. J. 43(1):12-19.. |
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| Abstract: |
A new and distinct variety of strawberry (Fragaria L.) called "Sharon" is disclosed. The variety is a cross between "Rachel" and "Chandler", which results in a variety that flowers several months earlier than other known and available strawberry varieties. |
| Claim: |
What is claimed is:
1. A new distinct variety of strawberry substantially as illustrated and described and distinguished as being able to grow in September and produce fruit starting in Novemberand lasting until summer, with fruit having a good taste and shape and a long shelf life. |
| Description: |
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of strawberry (Fragaria L.) called "Sharon". The variety was developed from an organized scientifically designated breeding program carried out at the Agricultural ResearchOrganization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. The variety is the product of selection of seedlings resulting from crosses between the strawberry varieties "Rachel" and "Chandler". The variety was asexually vegetatively propagated through runnersand the reproduction ran true.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The new variety "Sharon" resembles the variety "Chandler" and is able to grow in September and produce fruit starting in November and lasting until summer. The production of fruit beginning in November is two months earlier than any knownvariety of Fragaria L. The fruit of the "Sharon" variety is characterized by good taste, good shape and size as well as a long shelf life.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 -- Photograph of the "Sharon" variety illustrating the foliage and fruit.
FIG. 2 -- Photograph of the "Sharon" variety illustrating the fruit.
DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The "Sharon" variety was grown in winter under polyethylene tunnels in Israel. "Sharon" is a short day variety that flowers earlier than other known and available short day length strawberry varieties. Flowering and fruit production is notaffected by the use of polyethylene wind tunnels. This production procedure is utilized in normal agricultural practices by the skilled artisan and does not involve temperature or light control. Mother plants were stored at 0.degree. C. from Januarythrough April. They were then planted in the nursery without further treatment. Runners with plantlets were produced during summer. These young plantlets were collected from the nursery in September and transferred to raised beds. Averagetemperatures at that time of the year are 30.degree. C. during the day and 22.degree. C. at night. Water and fertilizers were applied through drip irrigation. An example of an optimum planting date is between September 15th to the 20th with theapproximate date of flowering on October 20, and the approximate date of first fruiting on November 20. "Sharon" flowering is not induced by chilling, but by natural exposure to short day length (long nights) characteristic of late fall and earlywinter. Color readings described herein were taken under natural light conditions and color identifications were made by reference to The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart (RHSCC) except where common terms of color definition are employed.
The pertinent characteristics of the present invention are presented in Table 1 and Table 2. Additionally, the variety "Sharon" (1) has no tendency toward fruit malformation; (2) disease resistance appears normal in that no particularproblematic conditions arose during trials; and (3) the type of bearing is not remonant (e.g., "Sharon" blooms perpetuously, during late fall and winter).
The fruit is longer than broad, with primary, secondary and tertiary fruit possessing distinct shape (Table 2). The fruit is firm to very firm with a dark red color (Table 2). The variety "Sharon" flowers several months earlier than knownstrawberry varieties. One of the closest known varieties would be "Karina" (Table 1) as well as the new varieties under co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 07/735,968 ("Dorit"), 07/735,695 ("Shalom"), 07/435,967 ("Smadar"), and 07/735,970("Saaid"). Additionally, early flowering results in early fruit production for "Sharon" and the four co-pending varieties (Table 3). Total Soluble Solids (TSS), percent acidity and aroma are presented in Table 4 by comparison to the varieties listed inTable 3.
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ PLANT CHARACTERISTICS OF "SHARON" MORPHOLOGICAL COMPARABLE TRAIT DESCRIPTION.sup.a VARIETY.sup.b ______________________________________ Classification Botanical- Fragaria L. Plant habit Flat"Panta- gruella" Plant density Medium "Gorella" Plant vigor Strong "Grande" Leaf: a) Lebght 14-18 cm b) Width 11-13 cm c) Color Green Group 143 A (RHSCC) 1) Upper Side: Medium Green d) Blistering Absent or Very Weak e) Cross-section Flat f)# of leaflets Sometimes >3 Terminal leaflet a) Length/Width ratio As long as broad b) Shape of base Obtuse c) Shape of teeth Rounded d) Length 6-7 cm e) Width 6-7 cm Flower a) Size Medium "Gorella" b) Size of calyx to Same size corolla c) Size of inner calyx Same size versus outer calyx d) Spacing of petals Overlapping e) Petal length/width Broader than long f) Time of flowering Early "Karina".sup.c Stolon a) Number Medium "Gorella" b) Thickness Thick c) Pubescence Weak d)Anthocyanin Absent or very coloration weak Petiole a) Pose of hairs Outwards b) Length 7-11 cm Inflorescence a) Position relative Above to foliage ______________________________________ .sup.a The description of "Sharon" is based on the testguidelines for Fragaria L. of the International Union for the Protection of New Plant Varieties, (UPOV). .sup.b Only characteristics which are relevant for comparing varieties ar listed. .sup.c "Sharon" flowers at the end of October. One of theearliest known varieties for comparison is "Karina", which flowers in January.
TABLE 2 ______________________________________ FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF "SHARON" CHARACTERISTIC DESCRIPTION ______________________________________ Time of ripening Very Early Ratio of length/maximum width Longer than broad PrimaryFruit.sup.a Wedged Length 43-50 mm Width 30-36 mm Secondary Fruit Conical Length 33-37 mm Width 27-32 mm Tertiary Fruit Ovoid length 28-30 mm width 25-26 mm Size Large Band without achenes Medium Unevenness of surface Medium Color Red Evenness of color Even Glossiness Medium Insertion of achenes Below surface Insertion of calyx Level with surface Pose of calyx segments Reflexed Size of calyx in relation Larger to fruit diameter Adherence of calyx Very strong Firmness Firm toVery Firm Color of Flesh Red Evenness of flesh color Uneven Sweetness.sup.b Weak Color 44 AB circa (RHSCC) Taste.sup.b Slightly Acidic ______________________________________ .sup.a There is a marked difference between the shape of the primary, secondary and tertiary fruit. .sup.b See Table 4.
TABLE 3 ______________________________________ COMPARATIVE YIELD OF "SHARON".sup.a Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. ______________________________________ Sharon 40 60 80 80 80 80 Dorit.sup.b 30 70 100 100 100 100 Shalom.sup.c 50 70 80 100100 70 Smadar.sup.d 50 70 100 100 100 50 Saaid.sup.e 0 70 100 100 100 100 Douglas.sup.f 0 0 40 150 150 150 Chandler.sup.g 0 0 30 150 150 120 ______________________________________ .sup.a Average yield in g/m.sup.2 in Ramat Hadar, Isreal(1989-90). The time of ripening for "Sharon" fruit is very early. .sup.b U.S. application Ser. No. 07/735,968. The time of ripening for "Dorit" fruit is early. .sup.c U.S. application Ser. No. 07/735,695. The time of ripening for "Shalom" fruit isearly. .sup.d U.S. application Ser. No. 07/735,967. The time of ripening for "Smadar" fruit is very early to early. .sup.e U.S. application Ser. No. 07/735,970. The time of ripening for "Saaid" fruit is early to medium. .sup.f U.S. Plant Pat. No.4,487. The time of ripening for "Douglas" frui is late. .sup.g U.S. Plant Pat. No. 5,262. The time of ripening for "Chandler" fruit is late.
TABLE 4 ______________________________________ COMPARATIVE FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF "SHARON" T.S.S..sup.a Acidity.sup.b in % in % Aroma Taste ______________________________________ Sharon 6.5-7.0 1.0 3 Slightly Acidic Dorit.sup.c 8.5-9.5 1.0 5 Good Shalom.sup.d 8.0-9.0 1.0 4 Normal Smadar.sup.e 8.5-9.5 1.0 5 Good Saaid.sup.f 8.0-9.0 1.0 3 Normal Douglas.sup.g 6.5-7.0 0.8 3 Slightly Acidic Chandler.sup.h 6.5-7.0 0.8 3 Slightly Acidic ______________________________________ .sup.a Total Soluble Solids expresses fruit sweetness and was determined with a refractometer. .sup.b Percent of acidity was determined as follows: 2 cc of juice extrac was mixed with 20 cc of water. Five dropsof fenolfthaleinen was added an the mixture was titrated with NaOH. The percent acidity is calculated as the quantity of NaOH (cc) .times. 0.32. .sup.c U.S. application Ser. No. 07/735,968. .sup.d U.S. application Ser. No. 07/735,695. .sup.e U.S.application Ser. No. 07/735,967. .sup.f U.S. application Ser. No. 07/735,970. .sup.g U.S. Plant Pat. No. 4,487. .sup.h U.S. Plant Pat. No. 5,262.
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