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Strawberry plant Shalom |
| PP7876 |
Strawberry plant Shalom
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| Patent Drawings: | |
| Inventor: |
Izsak, et al. |
| Date Issued: |
June 2, 1992 |
| Application: |
07/735,695 |
| Filed: |
July 25, 1991 |
| Inventors: |
Izhar; Shamai (Rehovot, IL)
Izsak; Eva (Rehovot, IL)
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| Assignee: |
State of Israel, Ministry of Agriculture, The Volcani Center (Bet Dagan, IL) |
| Primary Examiner: |
Feyrer; James R. |
| Assistant Examiner: |
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| Attorney Or Agent: |
Pennie & Edmonds |
| U.S. Class: |
PLT/208 |
| Field Of Search: |
Plt/48; Plt/49 |
| International Class: |
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| U.S Patent Documents: |
PP4487; PP5262; PP5263; PP5264; PP5268; PP6578; PP7024; PP7172 |
| Foreign Patent Documents: |
370/82 |
| Other References: |
Howard, C. M. and Albregts, E. E., 1980; HortScience 15(4):540..
Dubinsky, V., 1985; M.Sc. Thesis, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot, Israel (Hebrew original and English translation)..
Bringhurst, R. S. and Voth, V., 1989; Fruit Var. J. 43(1):12-19..
Izsak, E. (1978) Hassadeh 59:443-446..
Izsak, E. and Izhar, S. (1983) Hassadeh 63:2100-2103..
Izsak, E. and Izhar, S. (1984) Hassadeh 64:1774-1777, 1778-1781.. |
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| Abstract: |
A new and distinct variety of strawberry (Fragaria L.) called "Shalom" is disclosed. The variety is a cross between "Rachel" and "Douglas", which results in a variety that flowers several months earlier than other known strawberry varieties. |
| Claim: |
What is claimed is:
1. A new distinct variety of strawberry substantially as illustrated and described and distinguished as being able to grow in September and produce fruit starting in Novemberand lasting until summer, with fruit having a good taste and shape and a long shelf life. |
| Description: |
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of strawberry (Fragaria L.) called "Shalom". The variety was developed from an organized scientifically designated breeding program carried out at the Agricultural ResearchOrganization, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. The variety is the product of selection of seedlings resulting from crosses between the strawberry varieties "Rachel" and "Douglas". The variety was asexually vegetatively propagated through runnersand the reproduction ran true.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The new variety "Shalom" resembles the variety "Douglas" and is able to grow in September and produce fruit starting in November and lasting until summer. The production of fruit beginning in November is two months earlier than any known varietyof Fragaria L. The fruit of the "Shalom" variety is characterized by good taste, good shape and size as well as a long shelf life.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1. Photograph of the "Shalom" variety illustrating the foliage and fruit.
FIG. 2. Photograph of the "Shalom" variety illustrating the fruit.
FIG. 3. Photograph of the "Shalom" variety illustrating the entire plant with both flowers and fruit.
DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The "Shalom" variety was grown in winter under polyethylene tunnels in Israel. "Shalom" is a short day variety that flowers earlier than other known short day length strawberry varieties. Flowering and fruit production is not affected by theuse of polyethylene wind tunnels. This production procedure is utilized in normal agricultural practices by the skilled artisan and does not involve temperature or light control. Mother plants were stored at 0.degree. C. from January through April. They were then planted in the nursery without further treatment. Runners with plantlets were produced during summer. These young plantlets were collected from the nursery in September and transferred to raised beds. Average temperatures at that timeof the year are 30.degree. C. during the day and 22.degree. C. at night. Water and fertilizers were applied through drip irrigation. An example of an optimum planting date is between September 15th to the 20th with the approximate date of floweringon October 20, and the approximate date of first fruiting on November 20. "Shalom" flowering is not induced by chilling, but by natural exposure to short day length (long nights) characteristic of late fall and early winter. Color readings describedherein were taken under natural light conditions and color identifications were made by reference to the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart (RHSCC), except where common terms of color definition are employed.
The pertinent characteristics of the present invention are presented in Table 1 and Table 2. Additionally, the variety "Shalom" (1) has no tendency toward fruit malformation; (2) disease resistance appears normal in that no particularproblematic conditions arose during trials; and (3) the type of bearing is not remontant (e.g., "Shalom" blooms perpetuously, during late fall and winter).
The fruit is longer than broad, with primary, secondary and tertiary fruit possessing a moderately distinct shape (Table 2). The fruit is firm with a dark red color (Table 2).
The variety "Shalom" flowers several months earlier than known strawberry varieties. One of closest known varieties would be "Karina" (Table 1) as well as the new varieties under co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 07/735,969("Sharon"), 07/735,968 ("Dorit"), 07/735,967 ("Smadar"), and 07/435,970 ("Saaid"). Additionally, early flowering results in early fruit production for "Shalom" and the four co-pending varieties (Table 3). Total Soluble Solids (TSS), percent acidity andaroma are presented in Table 4 by comparison to the varieties listed in Table 3.
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ PLANT CHARACTERISTICS OF "SHALOM" MORPHOLOGICAL COMPARABLE TRAIT DESCRIPTION.sup.a VARIETY.sup.b ______________________________________ Classification Botanical- Fragaria L. Plant habitFlat-Globose "Senagana" Plant density Dense "Talisman" Plant vigor Strong "Grande" Leaf: a) Length 14-19 cm b) Width 10-12 cm c) Color Green Group 147 A (RHSCC) 1) Upper Side: Very Dark d) Blistering Strong e) Cross-section Slightly Convex f) # of leaflets Sometimes >3 Terminal leaflet a) Length/Width Longer than broad ratio b) Shape of base Obtuse c) Shape of teeth Rounded d) Length 5-6 cm e) Width 4-5 cm Flower a) Size Medium "Gorella" b) Size of calyx to Same size corolla c) Size of inner calyx Same size versus outer calyx d) Spacing of petals Free e) Petal length/width Longer than Broad f) Time of flowering Early "Karina".sup.c Stolon a) Number Few b) Thickness Thin c) Pubescence Weak d) Anthocyanin Medium coloration Petiole a) Pose of hairs Outwards b) Length 8-13 cm Inflorescence a) Position relative Level to foliage ______________________________________ .sup.a The description of "Shalom" is based on the test guidelines for Fragaria L.of the International Union for the Protection of New Plant Varieties, (UPOV). .sup.b Only characteristics which are relevant for comparing varieties ar listed. .sup.c "Shalom" flowers at the end of October. One of the earliest known varieties forcomparison is "Karina", which flowers in January.
TABLE 2 ______________________________________ FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF "SHALOM" CHARACTERISTIC DESCRIPTION ______________________________________ Time of ripening Early Ratio of length/maximum width Longer than Broad Primary Fruit.sup.aConical Length 40-48 mm Width 28-35 mm Secondary Fruit Conical Length 32-35 mm Width 25-30 mm Tertiary Fruit Ovoid Length 25-28 mm Width 24-25 mm Size Large Band without achenes Narrow Unevenness of surface Weak Color Dark red Evenness ofcolor Even Glossiness Medium Insertion of achenes Level with surface Insertion of calyx Level with surface Pose of calyx segments Clasping Size of calyx in relation Larger to fruit diameter Adherance of calyx Strong Firmness Firm Color ofFlesh Dark red Evenness of flesh color Uneven Sweetness.sup.b Medium Color 43 AB circa (RHSCC) Taste.sup.b Normal ______________________________________ .sup.a There is a moderate difference between the shape of the primary an secondary fruit. .sup.b See Table 4.
TABLE 3 ______________________________________ COMPARATIVE YIELD OF "SHALOM".sup.a Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. ______________________________________ Shalom 50 70 80 100 100 70 Sharon.sup.b 40 60 80 80 80 80 Dorit.sup.c 30 70 100 100100 100 Smadar.sup.d 50 70 100 100 100 50 Saaid.sup.e 0 70 100 100 100 100 Douglas.sup.f 0 0 40 150 150 150 Chandler.sup.g 0 0 30 150 150 120 ______________________________________ .sup.a Average yield in g/m.sup.2 in Ramat Hadar, Israel(1989-90). The time of ripening for "Shalom" fruit is early. .sup.b U. S. application Ser. No. 07/735,969. The time of ripening for "Sharon" fruit is very early. .sup.c U. S. application Ser. No. 07/735,968. The time of ripening for "Dorit" fruit isearly. .sup.d U. S. application Ser. No. 07/735,967. The time of ripening for "Smadar" fruit is very early to early. .sup.e U. S. application Ser. No. 07/735,970. The time of ripening for "Saaid" fruit is early to medium. .sup.f U. S. Plant Pat. No.4,487. The time of ripening for "Douglas" fruit is late. .sup.g U. S. Plant Pat. No. 5,262. The time of ripening for "Chandler" fruit is late.
TABLE 4 ______________________________________ COMPARATIVE FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF "SHALOM" T.S.S..sup.a Acidity.sup.b in % in % Aroma Taste ______________________________________ Shalom 8.0-9.0 1.0 4 Normal Sharon.sup.c 6.5-7.0 1.0 3Slightly Acidic Dorit.sup.d 8.5-9.5 1.0 5 Good Smadar.sup.e 8.5-9.5 1.0 5 Good Saaid.sup.f 8.0-9.0 1.0 3 Normal Douglas.sup.g 6.5-7.0 0.8 3 Slightly Acidic Chandler.sup.h 6.5-7.0 0.8 3 Slightly Acidic ______________________________________.sup.a Total Soluble Solids expresses fruit sweetness and was determined with a refractometer. .sup.b Percent of acidity was determined as follows: 2 cc of juice extrac was mixed with 20 cc of water. Five drops of fenolfthaleinen was added an themixture was titrated with NaOH. The percent acidity is calculated as the quantity of NaOH (cc) .times. 0.32. .sup.c U. S. application Ser. No. 07/735,969. .sup.d U. S. application Ser. No. 07/735,968. .sup.e U. S. application Ser. No. 07/735,967. .sup.f U. S. application Ser. No. 07/735,970. .sup. g U. S. Plant Pat. No. 4,487. .sup.h U. S. Plant Pat. No. 5,262.
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