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Macadamia named "Hidden Valley A16" |
| PP7521 |
Macadamia named "Hidden Valley A16"
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| Patent Drawings: | |
| Inventor: |
Bell, et al. |
| Date Issued: |
May 14, 1991 |
| Application: |
07/344,278 |
| Filed: |
April 26, 1989 |
| Inventors: |
Bell; David J. D. (Beerwah, Queensland 4519, AU)
Bell; Henry F. D. (Beerwah, Queensland 4519, AU)
Bell; Margaret A. (Beerwah, Queensland 4519, AU)
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| Assignee: |
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| Primary Examiner: |
Locker; Howard J. |
| Assistant Examiner: |
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| Attorney Or Agent: |
Quarles & Brady |
| U.S. Class: |
PLT/152 |
| Field Of Search: |
Plt/30 |
| International Class: |
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| U.S Patent Documents: |
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| Foreign Patent Documents: |
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| Other References: |
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| Abstract: |
A new variety of macadamia hybrid integrifolia.times.tetraphylla has been identified that is particularly characterized by the following combination of characteristics: a low density canopy, a very short flowering period, an elliptical leaf with smooth, lightly undulated and rolled margins, medium pale racemes setting an average of 4.4 nuts per raceme and a nut which is smooth, oval and thin shelled. |
| Claim: |
We claim:
1. A new and distinct hybrid Macadamia integrifolia.times.tetraphylla named Hidden Valley A16 substantially as shown and described. |
| Description: |
The present invention is directed to a new and distinct variety of Macadamia tree believed to be a cross of Macadamia integrifolia.times.tetraphylla which was identified in a cultivated area.
Among the distinct characterstics of this tree is a combination of: a low density canopy, a very short flowering period, an elliptical leaf which has a smooth, lightly undulated and rolled margin, medium pale racemes, a set of an average of 4.4nuts per raceme and a nut which is smooth, oval and thin shelled.
Asexual reproduction of the new variety has been accomplished by grafting scion stock taken from the original seedling plant onto both seedling and mature rootstock of various other Macadamia varieties. The variety has maintained characterregardless of rootstock, and has exhibited the following characteristics and distinctions true to form through succeeding propagations.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a typical tree specimen of the new variety, named "Hidden Valley A16".
FIG. 2 shows typical nut clusters of the new variety.
FIG. 3 shows a comparison of the leaves of the new variety with the known variety `HAES 246`.
FIG. 4 shows a comparison of the kernel and nut of the new variety with the kernal and nut of the known variety `HAES 246`.
FIG. 5 shows an enlarged view of the kernel and nut of the new variety.
The variety results from a seedling derived from the open pollination of a female parent of the variety Renown, itself a hybrid of M. integrifolia.times.M. tetraphylla. The seedling may have arisen from self-pollination or from cross-pollination with the nearest possible pollination parents being of the varieties Own Choice, Keauhou, Kakea and N.R.G. The male parent is believed unlikely to have been selfand based on an examination of the morphological character of the plant it is believed that the most likely pollen parent is an integrifolia variety such as Kakea or Keauhou. The cultivar has been successfully and successively grafted onto a variety ofrootstock yielding trees of consistent character and having good yield characteristics while maintaining current kernel quality and beneficial growth characteristics. The cultivar was discovered and propagated at Hidden Valley Plantations, Beerwah,Queensland, Australia.
The following is a detailed description of the new variety, with color terminology determined in accordance with the Royal Horticultural Society (R.H.S.) Colour Chart number. The characteristics and morphology listed below represent meanmeasurements from a minimum of one hundred specimens from trees grown in Beerwah, Queensland, Australia.
Tree: The tree is erect in habit (slightly more than Kau), moderately branching with a low density canopy (less than Keauhou or Own Choice). The leaves are arranged predominantly three leaves per node unlike Renown which has predominantly fourleaves per node and Hidden Valley A4 which has an even ratio between three- and four-leaf nodes. The grafted material is vigorous in growth (more than Keauhou but less than Hidden Valley A4). The shoots are of medium thickness (thinner than HiddenValley A4) with an average of 44 mm between nodes, with sparse pubescence and weak anthocyanin coloration (R.H.S. 153A) on the new flush. The tree exhibits an average length juvenile phase (slightly shorter than Keauhou or Kau but longer than HiddenValley A4).
Leaves: The leaves are elliptical, 2.65 times longer than broad, broader than Own Choice or Keauhou with an obtuse angle rounded tip similar to Kau. The leaf margins are smooth with 0.01 spines per cm and are less undulated than Keauhou. Theleaf margins are rolled similar to Own Choice. The young leaves are pale green (R.H.S. 137B), while mature leaves are dark green (R.H.S. 137A), dull surfaced similar to Nutty Glen with distinctly lighter margins (R.H.S. 15D).
Mean leaf length.--126.59 mm with standard deviation (s.d.) of 15.29.
Mean leaf width.--48.24 mm with s.d. of 5.46.
Mean petiole length.--6.8 mm with s.d. of 1.48.
Flower: The racemes are white, medium in length (shorter than Renown) and sparse on the tree compared to Keauhou. The tree has a shorter and lighter flowering period than Keauhou, which starts earlier and finishes later. The flowering observedis mid-season and the length of flowering time is shorter than for any other known variety. The reduced length of flowering time is believed to contribute to an observed light post-anthesis nut drop.
Fruit: The husk is relatively thin (thinner than Renown and similar to Keauhou) with a small hilum end point (about the same as Kau) and an unshouldered pedicel also similar to Kau. Husk dehiscence is partly on the tree (although less so thanNutty Glen or Renown) but is mainly on the ground. There is an average of 4.4 nuts per raceme. There is no pre-germination on the tree observed (as in Nutty Glen) and a very low incidence of fruit remaining on the tree or double-embryo fruit ascompared with Own Choice.
Mean fruit length.--40.7 mm with s.d. 2.47 (with pedicel and hilum).
Mean fruit width.--30.95 mm with s.d. 1.76.
Nut: The nuts are oval, 1.04 times longer than wider, less oval and more even than Renown but less round than Keauhou. The shell is light brown (R.H.S. 164A) with a smooth surface (smoother than Nutty Glen or Renown, but more coarse than Kau)and a moderate sheen (less than Nutty Glen but more than Keauhou). The shell is thinner at the micropyle end (thinner than Keauhou or Kau, but slightly thicker than Nutty Glen). The suture is darker than the shell (R.H.S. 165A), while the micropyle isbarely visible. There is no twin mark evident. There is moderate pale flecking (R.H.S. 164C), more than Keauhou but less than Renown or Nutty Glen.
Mean nut diameter.--24.97 (Range 19-28 mm) with s.d. 1.27.
Mean nut weight.--6.5 gm.
Kernel: The kernel is ovoid, creamy white with very little upper/lower color difference and a mean weight of 2.9 gm. The kernel averages about 45% of the weight of the nut at 1.5% moisture content. 99% of the kernels have an oil accumulationabove 72%.
Yield: Recorded nut yields to date have been estimated in trials to be the highest of all tested varieties based on the yield of the original tree. The estimate is based on recording yield per tree divided by tree silhouette area. The originaltree's yield estimate is boosted by its relatively small size for its age. The nut yield has grown proportionately faster than the tree. Other trees of the variety are too young, as yet, to assist whether this growth characteristic is characteristic ofthe variety or simply of the original tree.
The following Table 1 compares many of the features of Hidden Valley A16 (HV A16) with the other varieties Keauhou, Kau, Own Choice, Nutty Glen, and Renown.
______________________________________ Tree ______________________________________ Character HV A16 Keauhou Kau ______________________________________ Growth erect spreading erect habit Canopy low medium high density Lower rising levelstrongly branch rising attitude Vigour, strong medium med-weak grafts Shoot med-thin medium med-thin thickness Anthocyanin weak absent absent colouration RHS 152A-B Juvenile short medium long phase ______________________________________ OwnNutty Character Choice Glen Renown ______________________________________ Growth spread- semi- semi- habit ing erect erect Canopy high low medium density Lower droop- rising droop- branch ing ing attitude Vigour, strong strong grafts Shootthin med- medium thickness thin Anthocyanin weak medium colouration weak Juvenile med- phase short ______________________________________
______________________________________ LEAF ______________________________________ Character HV A16 Keauhou Kau No. per axis 3 3 3 ______________________________________ Shape Ellipti- Obovate Obovate cal Tip obtuse obtuse obtuse roundedrounded pointed Length/ 2.64 3.25 3.42 breadth length(mm) 126.59 138.82 125.09 Petiole 6.78 10.43 9.24 length(mm) Marg:Spines 0.12 0.12 0.17 /cm Mid portion medium med-strong med-weak Undulation Rolling medium med-weak med-weak Mature darkdark dark colour green green green RHS Chart 137A 139A 139A No. Immature green green green colour RHS Chart 137B 137A-B 141A No. Margin paler paler similar colour Leaf sheen low med-high med-high Vein colour 153A 152D 152C ______________________________________ Character Own Choice Nutty Glen Renown No. per axis 3 4 4 ______________________________________ Shape Narrow Narrow Broad Elliptical Obovate Lanceolate Tip obtuse acute acute rounded either pointed Length/2.81 4.53 3.91 breadth lenght(mm) 128.16 153.40 169.93 Petiole 8.65 4.77 7.33 length(mm) Marg:Spines 0.09 0.90 0.78 /cm Mid portion medium weak weak Undulation Rolling med strong weak med-weak Mature dark dark dark colour green green green RHS Chart 139A 137A No. Immature green green green colour RHS Chart 137B 143A No. Margin paler paler paler colour Leaf sheen low medium low-med Vein colour 152D 153D ______________________________________
______________________________________ FLOWERING AND FRUIT ______________________________________ Character HV A16 Keauhou Kau ______________________________________ Flowering med-late medium v-early time Duration very medium long short Nuts/raceme 4.4 1.5(est) 2.5(est) Raceme very dense medium density light on tree Raceme medium short short-med length Husk color 137A 137A 137B Husk thick- 3 mm 3 mm 2.7 mm ness % nut 12% 11.7% 10.6% diameter Hilum medium- medium small endpoint small Pedicel absent absent shoulder Dehiscence off-tree off-tree 1 off-tree (1-5) 1 1 Splitting off-tree off-tree 5 off-tree (1-5) 4 5 ______________________________________ Character Own Choice Nutty Glen Renown ______________________________________ Flowering early late med-late time Duration Nuts/raceme 2.0(est) 1.5(est) Raceme dense med- density dense on tree Raceme medium long long length Husk color 137A 138A Husk thick- 3.2 mm 4.3 mm 4.4 mm ness % nut 12.1% 15.4% 16.4% diameter Hilum med-small small large endpoint Pedicel absent absent weak shoulder Dehiscence both 2 on-tree (1-5) 3 Splitting off-tree 4 on-tree 1 on-tree (1-5) 2 ______________________________________
______________________________________ NUTS ______________________________________ Character HV A16 Keauhou Kau ______________________________________ Nut Shape oval round round length/ 1.04 0.98 0.99 breadth Nut 24.97 25.55 25.00 diameter(mm) Range(mm) 19-28 21-30 22-28 Std 1.27 1.46 1.37 deviation(mm) Kernel 2.9-3.5 2.3-2.7 2.2-2.5 weight(mm) % of Nut 44-47 34-38 32-34 Shell smooth mild-rough smooth texture Shell medium dull dull sheen Shell mod-slight slight moderate flecking Micropyle v-slight obvious v-slight Shell 164A 165B 165B colour (dried) Suture darker same lighter colour ______________________________________ Character Own Choice Nutty Glen Renown ______________________________________ Nut Shaperound round oval length/ 1.04 0.99 1.12 breadth Nut 25.96 28.04 26.85 diameter(mm) Range(mm) 21-30 23-34 23-30 Std 1.57 2.02 1.45 deviation(mm) Kernel 2.5-2.7 4.0 3.2-3.6 weight(mm) % of Nut 33-36 46-47 39-41 Shell smooth rough rough texture Shell dull med-shiny shiny sheen Shell mod-heavy mod-slight mod-heavy flecking Micropyle v-slight v-slight v-slight Shell 165A-B 165A-B 165B colour (dried) Suture same same lighter colour ______________________________________
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