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Zoysiagrass plant named `BA-305` |
| PP18415 |
Zoysiagrass plant named `BA-305`
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| Patent Drawings: | |
| Inventor: |
Scully |
| Date Issued: |
January 15, 2008 |
| Application: |
11/174,338 |
| Filed: |
July 5, 2005 |
| Inventors: |
Scully; Brian T. (Ft. Pierce, FL)
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| Assignee: |
Florida Foundation Seed Producers, Inc. (Greenwood, FL) |
| Primary Examiner: |
Bell; Kent |
| Assistant Examiner: |
Para; Anette H |
| Attorney Or Agent: |
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| U.S. Class: |
PLT/390 |
| Field Of Search: |
PLT/390 |
| International Class: |
A01H 5/00 |
| U.S Patent Documents: |
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| Foreign Patent Documents: |
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| Other References: |
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| Abstract: |
A newly discovered, and asexually reproduced genotype of Zoysiagrass with a distinct set of foliar, inflorescent and agronomic traits. |
| Claim: |
What is claimed is:
1. A new and distinct genotype of zoysiagrass plant substantially described and illustrated herein. |
| Description: |
GENUS ANDSPECIES NAME
This invention relates to a new and distinct genotype of Zoysiagrass derived as the progeny from the F.sub.1 variety named `Emerald`, which is an interspecific hybrid between Zoysia japonica Stued..times.Zoysia tenuifolia (L.) Merr. It isdescribed herein as `BA-305`. As used herein `BA-305` has the identical meaning as "Pristine Zoysia".
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention was discovered and identified in Palm Beach County, Fla. It was a unique and distinctly different vegetative inclusion growing in a planting of the unpatented Zoysiagrass variety known as `Emerald`. `BA-305` is postulated to beeither a spontaneous mutation that originated from `Emerald`, or derived as the progeny from an outcross to an unknown pollen parent.
`BA-305` was initially propagated asexually from a single 1.5 inch plug taken from the off type inclusion noted above. Over a five-year period there have been multiple vegetative increases at various research sites throughout Florida, and`BA-305` has remained uniform and genetically consistent. The denomination of this new invention is `BA-305`, but in commerce `BA-305` has been tested under the synonym "Pristine Zoysia", which will be its commercial designation in the United States.
The distinctness of `BA-305` from `Emerald`, its putative progenitor, is based on four sets of traits including: 1) floral morphology; 2) leaf and stem morphology; 3) color and pigmentation; and 4) rate of growth and cover.
Measures of disease and insect resistance yielded no significant statistical differences.
For the purpose of registration under the "International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants" (generally known by its French acronym UPOV Convention) and noting Sections 1612 of the Manual of Patent Examination Procedures thenew variety of Zoysiagrass of the present invention is named `BA-305`.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1: A comparative photograph of `BA-305` (left) and `Emerald` (right). Both pots were allowed to grow side-by-side, uncut and under identical cultural practices. This photograph illustrates the higher biomass production of `BA-305` comparedto `Emerald`
FIG. 2: A aerial photograph of `Emerald` (left) and `BA-305` (right) illustrates the volume of leaf area produced by `BA-305`.
Both pots were grown side-by-side, uncut and under the same cultural practices.
FIG. 3: A comparative photograph of `Emerald` (left) and `BA-305` (right) grown in trays in Belle Glade, Fla. This photograph illustrates the difference in texture and color between the two genotypes. Both sets of trays were grown side-by-side,uncut, and under identical cultural practices.
FIG. 4: Breeders Block of `BA-305` growing in Avon Park, Fla.
FIG. 5: A close-up photograph of the freshly cut Breeders Block of `BA-305`.
FIG. 6: A side profile photograph of `BA-305` after a recent cutting.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIETY
This new variety of Zoysiagrass is a perennial plant propagated asexually from either rhizomes, stolons, sprigs, or plugs. It is best adapted to the subtropical climates of Florida. `BA-305` was tested and described under field conditions atfour research sites in Florida, including Arcadia, Belle Glade, Gainesville, and Milton. Phenotypically, `BA-305` is most similar to `Emerald` but it has a more refined morphology.
The floral morphology of `BA-305` is typical of the interspecific hybrid Zoysia japonica Stued. by Zoysia terruifloia (L.) Merr. as represented by the variety `Emerald`. `BA-305` and `Emerald` were compared to eight inflorescences traits(Table 1) and the two genotypes were significantly different from seven of the eight traits. In each case `BA-305` had a smaller and more refined morphology. `BA-305` had a significantly shorter overall shoot length, seed head length, peduncle lengthand the exposed peduncle length, although shorter, was not statistically significant (Table 1). Seed head width and the average number of seeds per raceme (Seed Count/Seed Head) were also significantly smaller. Additionally, `Emerald` had a higher seeddensity on the raceme than `BA-305` (0.727 seed/mm vs 0.880 seed/mm), but this trait was not visually discernable. Glume length and glume width were also smaller. Essentially, `BA-305` had smaller and fewer seeds distributed at a lower density onshorter seed heads with smaller peduncles.
The number of seeds heads produced on a monthly basis varied with season. `BA-305` produced statistically fewer seed heads then `Emerald` in June, July, December, January, February, and March. Conversely, `BA-305` produced statistically moreseed heads than `Emerald` in the months of August, September, and October (Table 4). No statistical differences existed between the two genotypes for seed head production in the months of April, May, or November. `BA-305` produced fewer seed heads than`Emerald` in the winter and summer, while `Emerald` produced fewer seed heads in the fall. This phase change generally occurred in the mid-fall and mid-spring.
The morphology of the flag leaf is described by flag leaf length, width, and sheath length. `BA-305` differed statistically from `Emerald` for flag leaf length and sheath length. As with the floral morphology these flag leaf traits were finerfor `BA-305` then `Emerald` (Table 2). No difference existed in flag leaf width. Stolon and leaf morphology of the vegetative tissue was measured on fully expanded leaves at the fifth node below the stolon meristem. Again, `BA-305` had a more refinedtexture then `Emerald`. Leaf length of `BA-305` was on average 21% shorter and 19% narrower than `Emerald` (Table 3). This difference is visually represented in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3. The internode morphology of `BA-305` was larger than `Emerald` (Table3). The average internode length of `BA-305` was measured at 20.92 mm vs 11.37 mm for `Emerald`. `BA-305` produced internodes about 85% longer than `Emerald`, however no meaningful difference existed on internode widths (Table 3).
Leaf color and stolon/rhizome pigment also varied between the two genotypes, and was determined by a comparison of fresh leaf and stolon tissue to color panels in the Munsell Color Chart. The adaxial surface of the leaves of `BA-305` ranged from7.5GY (4/6 to 5/6) in color. `Emerald` produced leaves of less intense color and ranged from 5GY (4/6) to 7.5 GY (4/6). The stolons of `BA-305` produced a pigment that ranged 5RP (3/2), while `Emerald` produced a lighter pigment which measured 5RP(4/2) on the Munsell Color Chart.
From the initiation of the growth rate experiment, `BA-305` covered the plots faster and had significantly more cover in each month of the year. `BA-305` attained 50% coverage in 5.2 months, while it took `Emerald` 8.0 months; 100% cover wasattained in 11.0 months from `BA-305` and over 13 months for `Emerald` (Table 5). This significantly faster rate of coverage gave `BA-305` an important agronomic advantage relative to harvest interval and crop maintenance. The number of stolons and thestolon length were significantly more and longer for `BA-305` compared to `Emerald` (Table 5).
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Comparison of floral traits between `Emerald` and `BA-305`. `Emerald` `BA-305` Trait (in mm) Mean .+-. s.e. Mean .+-. s.e. LSD .alpha. = 0.05 Overall Shoot length.sup.z 35.80 1.17 26.05 0.82 5.565 Seed HeadLength.sup.y 11.76 0.55 9.65 0.40 1.908 Seed Head Width.sup.x 1.53 0.07 1.21 0.06 0.187 Seed Count/Seed Head 16.10 0.87 10.90 0.48 3.10 Exposed Peduncle 12.40 0.91 7.95 0.80 4.95 (ns) Peduncle Length.sup.u 23.35 1.36 15.18 0.51 5.33 Glume Length.sup.t2.66 0.06 2.43 0.08 0.19 Glume Width.sup.s 0.89 0.02 0.81 0.04 0.06 .sup.zOverall shoot length is a measure of the total inflorescence length from the apex of the seed head to the first node on the peduncle subtending the raceme .sup.ySeed Head Length ismeasured from the apex of the seed head to the top of the peduncle on the base of the raceme. .sup.xSeed Head Width is measured at the broadest part of the seed head. .sup.wSeed Count/Seed Head is the average number of seeds per head or raceme. .sup.vExposure Peduncle Length is the average length of the peduncle not covered by the flag leaf sheath. .sup.uPeduncle Length is the average pinnacle length measured from the base of the seedhead to the top of the node. .sup.tGlume Length is ameasure of the average glume length on the seed located at the mid point along the seedhead. .sup.sGlume Width is measured at the widest part of the glume.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comparison of flag leaf traits between `BA-305` and `Emerald` `Emerald` `BA-305` Trait (in mm) Mean .+-. s.e. Mean .+-. s.e. LSD .alpha. .ltoreq. 0.05 Flag Leaf Length.sup.z 9.20 0.99 4.65 0.44 1.97 Flag LeafWidth.sup.y 0.79 0.25 0.81 0.03 0.08 (ns) Flag Leaf Sheath.sup.x 11.45 0.77 8.50 0.65 2.35 .sup.zFlag Leaf Length is measured from the apex of the leaf to the top of the leaf sheath. .sup.yFlag Length Width is measeured at the widest part of the flagleaf. .sup.xFlag Leaf Sheath is measured from the top node to the base of the flag leaf.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Comparison of leaf morphology between `BA-305` and `Emerald`. `Emerald` `BA-305` Trait (in mm) Mean .+-. s.e. Mean .+-. s.e. LSD .alpha. .ltoreq. 0.05 Leaf Length 60.80 2.16 68.07 2.66 8.34 Leaf Width.sup.z 1.960.08 1.59 0.07 0.25 Internode Length 11.37 0.58 20.92 0.45 2.29 Internode Width.sup.y 1.33 0.06 1.35 0.06 0.18 (ns) .sup.zLeaf Width is measured at the widest part of the leaf. .sup.yInternode Width is measured at the widest part of the internode.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Comparison of the average seed head production between `BA-305` and `Emerald` measured on a monthly basis. Seed Head.sup.y MONTH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY `BA-305` 0 0 5.00 .+-. 2.20 7.00 .+-. 3.76 `Emerald` 0 0 29.00 .+-. 4.14 21.75 .+-. 3.97 AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER `BA-305` 27.50 .+-. 5.62 57.75 .+-. 8.74 63.75 .+-. 10.18 `Emerald` 10.50 .+-. 2.90 12.75 .+-. 9.86 4.750 .+-. 2.43 NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY `BA-305` 49.00 .+-. 9.03 25.25 .+-. 8.35 15.50 .+-. 6.20`Emerald` 47.75 .+-. 11.41 112.50 .+-. 15.76 120.75 .+-. 13.98 FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL `BA-305` 5.50 .+-. 4.52 42.25 .+-. 29.94 60.00 .+-. 17.25 `Emerald` 128.0 .+-. 14.43 103.75 .+-. 16.9 76.25 .+-. 12.89 .sup.ySeed head count is measured as mean.+-. standard error on a 8.0 cm.sup.2 plot basis.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Comparison of average cover, stolon/rhizome number, and stolon/rhizome length between `BA-305` and `Emerald` measured on a monthly basis. MONTH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY Covered.sup.z `BA-305` 0 1.25 .+-. 1.25 10.75 .+-. 2.3935.00 .+-. 6.12 `Emerald` 0 0 11.25 .+-. 1.25 18.75 .+-. 3.75 Stolon Number.sup.x `BA-305` 0 0 2.25 .+-. 1.03 7.75 .+-. 0.63 `Emerald` 0 0 0.25 .+-. 0.25 5.25 .+-. 1.93 Stolon Length.sup.z `BA-305` 0 0 1.75 .+-. 0.63 3.25 .+-. 0.75 `Emerald` 0 00.25 .+-. 0.25 1.75 .+-. 0.48 AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER Covered.sup.z `BA-305` 42.50 .+-. 3.23 48.75 .+-. 5.54 56.25 .+-. 5.15 `Emerald` 28.75 .+-. 3.15 33.75 .+-. 3.75 42.50 .+-. 1.44 Stolon Number.sup.x `BA-305` 11.50 .+-. 0.87 11.50 .+-. 0.8711.25 .+-. 0.63 `Emerald` 5.25 .+-. 1.60 5.25 .+-. 1.60 7.50 .+-. 0.87 Stolon Length.sup.z `BA-305` 3.50 .+-. 0.65 4.75 .+-. 0.85 6.25 .+-. 0.63 `Emerald` 2.25 .+-. 0.48 3.50 .+-. 1.19 4.00 .+-. 0.0 NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY Covered.sup.z`BA-305` 60.00 .+-. 5.77 72.50 .+-. 3.23 77.50 .+-. 4.79 `Emerald` 45.0 .+-. 0.0 50.0 .+-. 7.04 52.5 .+-. 1.44 Stolon Length.sup.z `BA-305` 6.00 .+-. 0.71 -- -- `Emerald` 4.00 .+-. 0.0 -- -- Stolon Number.sup.x `BA-305` 11.25 .+-. 0.83 -- --`Emerald` 7.50 .+-. 0.87 -- -- FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL Covered.sup.z `BA-305` 83.75 .+-. 5.91 100.00 .+-. 0 100.00 .+-. 0 `Emerald` 57.55 .+-. 1.44 78.75 .+-. 2.39 87.5 .+-. 6.02 Stolon Number.sup.x `BA-305` -- -- -- `Emerald` -- -- -- StolonLength.sup.z `BA-305` -- -- -- `Emerald` -- -- -- .sup.xCover is measured as the cumulative percentage of cover over a prescribed plot area. .sup.yStolon Number is a count of stolon/rhizomes radiating from a central plug over a prescribed plot area. .sup.zStolon Length is a number of the average length in cm of the stolons/rhizomes.
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