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Kiwi plant named `Hort16A` |
| PP11066 |
Kiwi plant named `Hort16A`
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| Patent Drawings: | |
| Inventor: |
Lowe, et al. |
| Date Issued: |
September 21, 1999 |
| Application: |
08/996,829 |
| Filed: |
December 23, 1997 |
| Inventors: |
Lowe; Russell G (Palmerston North, NZ)
Marsh; Hinga D (N/A), N/A (Palmerston North, NZ)
McNeilage; Mark A (Palmerston North, NZ)
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| Assignee: |
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| Primary Examiner: |
Locker; Howard J. |
| Assistant Examiner: |
Kimball; Melissa L. |
| Attorney Or Agent: |
Quarles & Brady |
| U.S. Class: |
PLT/156 |
| Field Of Search: |
Plt/33.1; Plt/156 |
| International Class: |
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| U.S Patent Documents: |
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| Foreign Patent Documents: |
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| Other References: |
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| Abstract: |
A new and distinct kiwi plant of the species Actinidia chinensis Planch. is described. The cultivar results from a controlled pollination using a male A. chinensis selection CK15.sub.-- 01 of unknown parentage, and a female A. chinensis selection CK01.sub.-- 01.sub.-- 01.sub.-- 01. Both named parents (CK15.sub.-- 01 and CK01.sub.-- 01.sub.-- 01.sub.-- 01) are unpatented cultivars. The new cultivar is distinguished by its short silky hair, protruding stylar end, golden flesh and sweet tropical taste. |
| Claim: |
We claim:
1. A new and distinct kiwi plant of the species A. chinensis substantially as described and illustrated, characterized by yellow flesh with a sweet, tropical taste, ovoid fruit shapewith a protruding stylar end, and yellow brown skin with soft fine hairs. |
| Description: |
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
Kiwi plants in cultivation are deciduous vines of A.deliciosa. There are more than 50 species in the genus Actinidia originating in China and parts of Asia. The kiwi cultivar `Hayward`, developed in New Zealand, is the most widely growncultivar because of its distinctive green flesh, good flavor and long storage life.
Less well known outside of mainland China is the species A. chinensis, closely related to A. deliciosa. Fruit can be as large as the kiwi, generally have much finer, softer hairs on the fruit skin, and can have either green or yellow flesh. Many Chinese prefer fruit of A. chinensis rather than the kiwi of commerce, considering the flavor to be superior. Like the kiwi, plants are dioecious, so male pollinizers are required as well as female plants to ensure fruit production.
A. chinensis plants grow vigorously in spring, and rapidly develop canes up to 4 m long if not managed correctly. Plants require a mild, warm-temperate climate, free from spring and early autumn frosts, and need well-drained soils to produceconsistent heavy crops. Regular irrigation is necessary in dry spells. A. chinensis flowers in spring (mid-October to mid-November) in New Zealand. Harvest of A. chinensis fruit may occur between April and mid-May in New Zealand, depending on theselection and location of plantings.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new and distinctive kiwi plant having a generally ovoid shaped fruit which tapers towards the stylar end and which has soft, silky hair. More particularly, the new cultivar is designated `Hort16A` and isderived from a controlled pollination of A. chinensis CK15.sub.-- 01, a male selection of unknown parentage, and A. chinensis female CK01.sub.-- 01.sub.-- 01. Both parents were derived from seedling plants grown from two introductions of seeds fromChina in 1981 and 1978 and are unpatented.
The new cultivar of kiwi was created in the course of a plant breeding program which was initiated during 1987 at Hort Research in Auckland, New Zealand. The cross made by Mark McNeilage in November 1987. Seed were sown in winter 1988 and 312seedlings from this cross were planted out in the field at Te Puke Research Centre in spring,1988. The seedlings first fruited in May 1990 and `Hort16A` (breeding code CK01.sub.-- 02.sub.-- 01.sub.-- 01) was selected, after storage and sensoryevaluation in 1991 and 1992 by Russell Lowe and Hinga Marsh.
The new cultivar can be asexually reproduced as cuttings or by grafting or budding on to seedling or cutting-grown rootstocks of A. deliciosa or A. chinenis. Trial plantings on seedling rootstocks, established in 1992 at Te Puke, have shown thatthe unique combination of characteristics come true to form and are established and transmitted through succeeding asexual propagations.
`Hort16A` flowers four weeks ahead of the unpatented `Hayward` variety, so the usual pollinizers used for `Hayward` are ineffective as well as being of a different species and ploidy. Two new and unpatented early-flowering A. chinensis malepollinizers, designated Hortkiwi `Meteor` and Hortkiwi `Sparkler`, have been selected as males for use in new plantings of `Hort16A`.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS
FIG. 1 shows typical fruit of the cultivar `Hort16A` on the vine
FIG. 2 shows typical fruit of the cultivar `Hort16A`
FIG. 3 shows `Hort16A` fruit in cross-section and profile
FIG. 4 shows `Hayward` fruit in cross-section and profile
FIG. 5 shows flowers of the cultivar `Hort16A`
FIG. 6 shows flowers of the cultivar `Hayward`
FIG. 7 shows mature leaves of `Hort16A`
FIG. 8 shows a mature leaf of `Hayward`
Photographs of fruit were taken after the normal harvest date. Colors may vary depending upon growing conditions under different climate, soil, and cultivation conditions and the fruit skin colormay vary depending upon extent of exposure to direct sunlight.
COMPARISON TO CLOSEST CULTIVAR
The distinctive characteristics of this new kiwi cultivar, described in detail below, were observed in 1994 at Te Puke, New Zealand. The age of the plants was 3 years from the graft. Comparison `Hayward` vines were grown in another block on thesame orchard.
The fruit of `Hort16A` is ovoid in shape and has a protruding distal end unlike `Hayward` which has a rounded distal end. `Hort16A` fruit are generally circular in cross-section although slightly flattened. `Hort16A` fruit has a much smallercore than `Hayward` and the flesh of ripe fruit is golden yellow whereas `Hayward` flesh is green. The hairs on the skin of the fruit of `Hort16A` are much finer, soft to the touch, and are very easily removed by rubbing or brushing to reveal aleathery, almost shiny skin. The skin color of `Hort16A` fruit is a yellow-brown in contrast to that of `Hayward` which is a medium brown color. `Hort16A` fruit have a higher dry matter content at harvest and are much sweeter tasting than `Hayward`fruit when ripe. While `Hort16A` fruit soften more rapidly than `Hayward` in coolstorage, fruit will stay at about 1 kg firmness for up to 3 months without further significant softening.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANT
The new cultivar `Hort16A` is pistillate, with imperfect flowers, i.e. the flowers produce only sterile pollen and thus require a pollinizer for fruit production. Two specific A. chinensis pollinizers, named Hortkiwi `Meteor` and Hortkiwi`Sparkler`, have been developed for `Hort16A`. Characteristics of the new cultivar, in which it differs from the standard kiwi cultivar `Hayward`, include earlier flowering time, protruding stylar end on the fruit, silky easily-removed hairs on theskin, golden flesh when ripe, and yellow-brown colored skin.
______________________________________ TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS Horticultural terminology is used in accordance with revised UPOV guidelines for kiwi. Characters of comparison cultivar ` Hayward` are noted opposite that character in[brackets] when significantly different. `Hayward` plants were observed in a planting on the same orchard, but not the same plot. All dimensions in millimeters unless otherwise stated, weights in grams. Hort16A Hayward ______________________________________ PLANT Plant: sex expression female (flowers imperfect) Plant: ploidy diploid (2n = 2x = 58) [hexaploid] Plant: vigor strong [medium] Young shoot: hairs present Young shoot: density of hairs medium Youngshoot: type of hairs short [hirsute] Young shoot: anthocyanin absent [medium] coloration of growing tip Young shoot: anthocyanin absent coloration of leaf axil STEM Stem: coloration of leaf axil absent [weak] Stem: diameter medium - Mean 11.0mm (Range 8.3-13.3 mm) Stem: dormant bud diameter 6.9 mm (4.9-8.3 mm) Stem: color on upper side of dark-brown shoot Stem: character of bark smooth [medium] Stem: hairs present Stem: conspicuousness of conspicuous lenticels Stem: number oflenticels medium Stem: color of lenticels brownish-white [greyish-white] Stem: size of bud support medium Stem: visibility of bud visible [almost buried] (dormant canes) Stem: number of hairs visible medium on bud (dormant canes) Stem: leafscar medium LEAF (Mature) Leaf: general shape of blade very broadly ovate Leaf: length 170.3 mm (145-198 mm) Leaf: width 186.3 mm (159-217 mm) Leaf: petiole length 166.8 mm (100-250 mm) Leaf: shape of tip of blade cuspidate [mucronate] Leaf: shape of base of blade cordate Leaf: arrangement of leaf overlapping bases Leaf: puckering/blistering on weak [medium] upper side of blade Leaf: margin ciliate Leaf: green color of upper light-medium side of blade Leaf: glossiness ofupper medium surface of blade Leaf: color of lower side of light green blade Leaf: glaucosity (lower side absent of blade) Leaf: hairs on petiole present Leaf: density of hairs on medium petiole Leaf: anthocyanin coloration medium onupper side of petiole FLOWER (Measurements are from a 20 flower sample) Inflorescence: predominant one number of flowers Pedicel: length medium - 42.0 mm (29.9-49.20 mm) Pedicel: hairs present Pedicel: length of hairs very short Flower:number of sepals >5 Flower: color of sepals pale green Flower: diameter (terminal or large - 47.9 mm (42.3- king flower when fully open) 52.5 mm) Flower: petal length 23.1 mm (20.8-25.4 mm) Flower: petal width 17.7 mm (15.8-19.1 mm) Flower: petal length/width 1.31 mm ratio (1.14-1.45 mm) Flower: mean number of 8 (6-10) petals per flower Flower: number of flowers 17 out of 20 flowers with more than six petals Flower: arrangement of petals overlapping Flower: petal shoulder present Flower: primary color of white petals (when fully open) Flower: type of coloration of uniform color over petals whole petal Flower: style number 30.85 (26-36) Flower: attitude of styles erect [semi-erect] Flower: curvature of styles straight [strongly curved] Flower: amount of hair on strongly expressed ovary FRUIT (Measurements are from a 10 fruit sample) Fruit: overall size large 98.3 g (43-176 g) Fruit: length 79.1 mm (76.0-84.2 mm) Fruit: width (max.) 53.1 mm (55.4-48.1 mm) Fruit: width (min.) 49.1 mm (47.0-51.2 mm) Fruit: core diameter (max.) 13.1 mm (9.3-17 mm) Fruit: core diameter (min.) 4.9 mm (4.1-6.1 mm) Fruit: locule number 34.5 (26-37) Fruit: peduncle length 48.3 mm (44.7-50.3 mm) Fruit: peduncle width 3.57 mm (3.22-4.28 mm) Fruit: general shape ovoid [cylindrical] Fruit: cross-section at median elliptic Fruit: general shape of stylar protruding [flat] end Fruit: shape of shoulder on rounded stalk end Fruit: skincolor at harvest yellow-brown [brown] (fruit still hard) Fruit: skin color change absent during ripening Fruit: skin color at maturity yellow-brown [brown] for consumption Fruit: hairs present Fruit: density of hairs medium Fruit: type ofhair pubescent [hirsute] Fruit: hair length short [medium] Fruit: concentration of hairs uniform Fruit: adherence of hairs to weak [strong] skin (when rubbed) Fruit: core diameter (at small [large] largest diameter) Fruit: core shape (incross elliptical section) Fruit: core woody spike present Fruit: prominence of core weak [medium] woody spike Fruit: outer pericarp color at golden yellow [green] maturity for consumption Fruit: inner pericarp color brownish-yellow [green] (locules) at maturity for consumption Fruit: core color at maturity white [greenish white] Fruit: sweetness (Brix level) 15.6% (14.4-17.0%) at maturity for consumption Fruit: Vitamin C content medium (125 mg/l00 g fresh weight) Fruit: seedcolor at maturity dark brown Fruit: seed color when dry brown EVENTS (at Te Puke, New Zealand)
Time of vegetative budbreak late August to first week of September Time of beginning of late October to first flowering week of November Time of maturity for harvest first-second week of (at 10.0% SSC) May ______________________________________
HORTICULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS
Details below relate to observations made on plants growing at Te Puke Research Centre, New Zealand. These plants were grafted on to A. deliciosa seedling rootstocks.
`Hort16A` vines can be grown on the same rootstocks as can `Hayward`. Rootstocks currently being used in New Zealand include A.deliciosa seedlings, `Hayward` rooted cuttings and Hortkiwi `Kaimai`.
Cropping: young vines of `Hort16A` carry higher yields than `Hayward` when plants of equivalent ages are compared, although at maturity, yields are likely to be similar. The storage life of `Hort16A` fruit is about 75% of that of `Hayward` fruitunder a coolstorage temperature of 0.degree. C. `Hort16A` fruit soften in coolstore more rapidly than `Hayward` fruit initially, but will hold at a ready to eat firmness of about 1 kg for over two months after the initial softening period.
OTHER DATA
Fruit size: Data from a random harvest of 1940 fruit which were graded to measure fruit size in May 1995. Individual fruit weights collected electronically from the grader.
Mean fruit weight: 98.3 g.
Minimum.--43 g.
Maximum.--176 g.
Standard error of the mean (SEM): 0.574.
______________________________________ COLOR CHART RHS Colour Chart, the Royal Horticultural Society, London 1966. ______________________________________ Flesh Color at maturity: Outer pericarp Hort16A 12C-12B [Hayward 138B-138C] Innerpericarp Hort16A 162A-162C Fruit core at harvest: Hort16A 159C [Hayward 155A] Seed color (in flesh): 200A Seed color (dry seed): 200D Fruit skin at maturity: combination of Hort16A 199A plus 161A Leaf color: mature leaf after petal fall Upper side of leaf Hort16A 146A [Hayward 147A] Lower side of leaf Hort16A 147B [Hayward 147C] Flower petals: main body of petal 155D Plant stem: exposed side 200B-200C-165A [Hayward 147C] ______________________________________
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