Adding hydrogen to unsaturated bond of hydrocarbon, i.e., hydrogenation

By hydrogen transfer from other hydrocarbon

Hydrocarbon is aromatic

To produce polycyclic

Using alkaline metal material

Using group viii metal-containing catalyst with additional nonhydrocarbon agent

Co, fe, or ni

Hydrocarbon is contaminant in desired hydrocarbon

Hydrogenation of diolefin or triple bond

Using catalyst and additional nonmetal material

Using catalyst or support of defined structure, surface area, or pore size

Using s or group i or ii transition metal-containing catalyst

Partial

Hydrogen supplied by water or alcohol

Using group viii metal-containing catalyst

Co, fe, or ni

Plural hydrogenation stages

Using transition metal-containing catalyst

Elemental co, fe, or ni

Group viii metal with additional nonhydrocarbon agent or complexed with hydrocarbon

With preliminary diverse conversion

Molecular weight reduction

Polymerization of olefins only

With preliminary treatment of feed or plural separation procedures

With subsequent diverse conversion

Dehydrogenation

Isomerization

With temperature or concentration gradient in reactor or specified provision for heating, cooling, or reactor control

Alicyclic compound synthesis

Adamantane or derivative

By alkylation or alkyl transfer

Feed has side-chain

By condensive ring expansion, e.g., "olefin dismutation", etc.

By dehydrogenation

Using h acceptor

By double-bond shift

Using organometallic compound, p- or s-containing catalyst

By ring expansion or contraction

Using al group metal halide catalyst

With added hydrocarbon complex or nonhydrocarbon organic agent

Using metal-containing catalyst

By shift, opening, or removal of shared-carbon ring

Camphene or ten-c monocyclic from polycyclic, e.g., terpene isomerization, etc.

Camphene from pinene or derivative

Cyclopentadiene from its polymer

Carotene or derivative

From nonhydrocarbon

Halogen containing

Nonring moiety becomes ring

From nonring hydrocarbon

Alkadiene

Using co-, fe-, or ni-containing catalyst

With nonmetal organic compound

Using refractory-group metal-containing catalyst

With nonmetal element or compound

Polycyclic product

By condensation, e.g., diels-alder reaction, etc.

Dimerizing a cycloolefin

By double-bond shift in side-chain

Apparatus considerations

Using apparatus of recited composition

Using recited apparatus structure

Reactor fluid manipulating device

At reactor inlet

Reactor shape or disposition

Dimension or proportion

Plurality or verticality

Aromatic compound synthesis

By alkyl or aryl transfer between molecules, e.g., disproportionation, etc.

Plural compounds of different weight become midweight compound, i.e., averaging

Product is polycyclic, of increased side-chain length, or a specific position polyalkyl benzene isomer

Using al or b halide catalyst

Meta- or 1,3,5-alkyl benzene

Using crystalline aluminosilicate catalyst

By condensation of entire cyclic molecules or entire hydrocarbyl moieties thereof, e.g., polymerization, etc.

Nonring moiety of one molecule bonded to nonring moiety of other, e.g., polystyrene, etc.

Through residue of nonring molecule, e.g., butadience, etc.

Plural stage or with preliminary treatment of feed

Ring carbon of one molecule joined to ring carbon of other

Arylene bond formed using metal-containing agent

Through residue of nonring molecule, e.g., acetylene, etc.

With plural separation procedures

By condensation of entire molecules or entire hydrocarbyl moieties thereof, e.g., alkylation, etc.

Attachment to side-chain, e.g., telomerization, etc.

Resulting side-chain has less than four c atoms

Feed other than hydrocarbon, hydroxy, monohalide, or ether

Plural alkylation stages

Resulting side-chain restricted to more than five c atoms, e.g., "detergent alkylate", etc.

Using halogen-containing catalyst

Using al halide catalyst

And additional metal-containing or nonhalide inorganic agent

Complexed, e.g., sludge, etc., or with additional extraneous organic agent

Using halogen-containing catalyst

Alumina containing

B trifluoride in a complex or with additional nonhydrocarbon agent

Hf

Using metal, metal oxide, or hydroxide catalyst

Noncrystalline, and containing al and si

Using organometallic compound catalyst

Using p-containing catalyst

Using s-containing catalyst

With plural separation procedures

Including dissolving or solids formation or separation

With preliminary treatment of feed

With specified flow rate through reactor or flow procedure within or at entrance to reactor

By dealkylation

Polycyclic

Using catalyst and h

Using extraneous agent in reaction zone, e.g., catalyst, etc.

And h

Transition metal-containing catalyst

And steam

By dimerization of vinyl aromatic

By isomerization

Using metal oxide- or sulfide-containing catalyst

Crystalline aluminosilicate

Pt-group metal containing

With plural separation steps

Including a crystallization step

By ring expansion or contraction

Using transition metal-containing catalyst

By ring formation from nonring moiety, e.g., aromatization, etc.

Aromatic feed

Using metal-containing catalyst

Nonhydrocarbon feed

Aromatic or carbonyl-containing reactant

Plural stage, with moving catalyst or with specified flow rate or procedure

Product compound has more c atoms than feed compound, e.g., cyclic polymerization, etc.

Triple bond-containing feed

Using transition metal-containing catalyst

Using metal-free h acceptor

Using transition metal-containing catalyst

Group vi metal

With alkaline metal compound

Group viii noble metal

With preliminary treatment of feed or plural separation procedures

By ring opening, removal, degradation, or shift on chain or other ring

Exploiting or conserving heat of quenching, reaction, or regeneration

From alicyclic

Polycyclic product or with olefinic unsaturation in feed

Cymene product

Using h acceptor or cr-, mo-, or w-containing catalyst

Using noble metal catalyst

From nonhydrocarbon feed

Having alkenyl moiety, e.g., styrene, etc.

By c removal, e.g., cracking, etc.

By condensation using metal-containing catalyst

By dehydrogenation

Plural stage or with plural separation procedures

Using elemental o

Using halogen or s

Using metal oxide, sulfide, or salt

Cr-, mo-, or w-containing

Polycyclic product or from nonhydrocarbon feed

O-containing feed

Using apparatus of recited composition

With measuring, sensing, testing, or synthesis operation control responsive to diverse condition

Catalyst and recycle considerations

By-product conversion to feed

Catalyst preservation or manufacture (e.g., activation, etc.) before use

Catalyst rehabilitation by reversion from different compound

Rehabilitation of h acceptor

With hydrocarbon recycle to control synthesis reaction, e.g., by cooling, quenching, etc.

With recycle, rehabilitation, or preservation of solvent, diluent, or mass action agent

Recycle of solvent and catalyst

Compound or reaction product mixture

Alicyclic

Polycyclo, i.e., fused

Of differing carbon content, more than three or with bridge

Unsaturated ring

Aromatic

Plural rings

Polycyclo, i.e., fused

Of differing carbon content or with bridge

Polymer of indefinite molecular weight

Acyclic

Containing aromatic ring

Heat considerations

Exploiting or conserving heat of quenching, reaction, or regeneration

Introducing, maintaining, or removing heat by atypical procedure

Electric

Molten material

Phase change, e.g., evaporation, etc.

Hydrate or production thereof

Miscellaneous considerations

Condition-responsive control and related procedures in alicyclic synthesis and purification

Exploiting mass-action phenomenon

Prevention or removal of corrosion or solid deposits

Pulsed, sonic, or plasma process

Reaction start-up procedure

Reaction stopping or retarding

Specified mixing procedure

Miscellaneous process, e.g., indeterminate modification of a property, storage, transportation, etc.

Plural parallel syntheses

Diverse parallel syntheses

Using same catalyst, solvent, inert heat carrier, or component thereof

With blending of products from two parallel reactions

And passage to further reaction

Plural serial diverse syntheses

Including alkylation to produce branched-chain paraffin

And preliminary isomerization or polymerization

One synthesis rehabilitates catalyst for other, e.g., by alkylation with ester, etc.

Same catalyst, solvent, or component thereof used in both syntheses

Entire catalyst composition

To produce alicyclic

Having unsaturated ring

To produce aromatic

Having plural side-chains

Including an alkylation step

Including an aromatization step

Polycyclic

To produce unsaturate

Having triple bond

Including displacement from nonhydrocarbon by entire hydrocarbon molecule, e.g., growth reaction, etc.

Including polymerization of olefin

And a preliminary unsaturation step, e.g., cracking, dehydrogenation, etc.

Polyolefin

From o compound feed or intermediate

With hydrocarbon effluent stream splitting for recycle to different syntheses

With hydrocarbon recycle from later to earlier synthesis

Earlier synthesis is condensation or alkyl transfer

Product blend, e.g., composition, etc., or blending process per se

Component of indefinite molecular weight greater than 150

Mineral oil (petroleum) fraction

Polymer

Containing aromatic ring

Plural polymers or copolymer of specified olefins

Reaction product of halogenated hydrocarbon

Wax

Fluent dielectric

Mineral oil-containing

For fuel use only

Gaseous blend

With nonhydrocarbon additive

O containing

And n containing

Additive(s) aromatic

Production of hydrocarbon mixture from refuse or vegetation

From synthetic resin or rubber

From wood

Purification, separation, or recovery

By addition of extraneous agent, e.g., solvent, etc.

Ag

By interaction with monoolefin

Alkaline metal-containing

Elemental metal, oxide, or hydroxide

Cu

Ammoniacal, e.g., cu ammonium acetate (caa), etc.

Triple-bond compound separated

Cu halide with added material other than water

Plural metal or nonhalide cu compound-containing

Different, sequentially used agents

Later agent disengages earlier, e.g., decomplexing agent, etc.

Later agent is hydrocarbon

One agent is a diluent, i.e., nonselective solvent or heat exchange material

Resolution of feed into more than two different components

Group iii nontransition element-containing

Al

Group vii or viii transition metal-containing, e.g., werner complex formation, etc.

Hf and another fluoride

H

Inorganic o-containing agent

Metal-containing

N-containing

Ammonia

Carbonyl moiety-containing

Interaction with aromatic

Organic agent

Acid, anhydride, ester or ether

Heterocyclic or polymeric

Hydrocarbon

S containing

S dioxide, sulfolane, or sulfolene

Sulfuric acid

Interaction with tertiary olefin

With contact procedure involving particular apparatus or more than two moving streams

With fractional disengagement from agent by use of other agent

By contact with solid sorbent

Cyclic sorbate

Plural serial sorptions

Sorbate is nonhydrocarbon or chemically undetermined component, e.g., "color-former", etc.

O-containing sorbate

Sorbent is or contains organic

With fractional or linear desorption, e.g., chromatography, etc.

With measuring, sensing, testing, or recycle of sorbate to same sorption zone

With specified sorbent rehabilitation procedure or agent, e.g., desorbent, etc.

Cyclic sorbate

Aromatic separated from other aromatic

Unsaturated sorbate

By conversion of solid to gas, e.g., sublimation, etc., or by melting or squeezing out liquid from solid natural source

By cooling of liquid to obtain solid, e.g., crystallization, etc.

Using specified holding time or specified cooling rate

With addition of extraneous material

Before crystal formation

With dissolving or plural serial crystallizations

With treatment of mother liquor after crystal separation

By membrane, selective septum, or coalescer

Aromatic permeate

By plural serial diverse separations

To recover alicyclic

To recover aromatic

Having unsaturated or one-c side-chain

Including steps of distillation and agent addition

Agent contains n, carbonyl, or dihydroxy moiety

Xylene or ethylbenzene

To recover unsaturate

Diolefin

Including treatment with s-containing agent

Polymerization and depolymerization

Saturated compound synthesis

By alkyl transfer, e.g., disproportionation, etc.

By c content reduction, e.g., hydrocracking, etc.

By condensation of a paraffin molecule with an olefin-acting molecule, e.g., alkylation, etc.

Including nonhydrocarbon reactant

Plural alkylation stages

Using extraneous nonhydrocarbon agent

Al halide

With additional nonhydrocarbon agent

H halide

Aluminosilicate or organometallic

B-containing

Hf

With additional nonhydrocarbon agent

B-, n-, or p-containing

O-containing

S-containing

Sulfuric acid with additional nonhydrocarbon agent

With autorefrigeration

With catalyst rehabilitation by reversion from different compound or hf complex

With coalescing or sorption of, or addition of specific agent to, effluent or effluent component

With introduction of same material at more than two serially spaced points of reaction zone system

With plural separation procedures applied to effluent or effluent component

With preliminary treatment of feed

With removal of organic halogen contaminant

Using solid catalyst or sorbent

With specified flow procedure within or at entrance to reactor, e.g., by use of named mixing device, etc.

By isomerization

Plural isomerization stages

Using al halide catalyst

With added organic agent or in complex with organic material

With additional metal halide

With inorganic material other than halogen-containing

With metal oxide or elemental carbon, e.g., supported, etc.

With s-containing or free or organic halogen agent

Using aluminosilicate catalyst

Using b- or p-containing catalyst

Using halogen-containing catalyst

With alumina

F

Using metal oxide or hydroxide catalyst

Including free metal

Using temperature gradient or material concentration gradient or introduction of same material at more than two serially spaced points of reaction zone system

With preliminary treatment of paraffin feed

With specified isomerizate purification or separation procedure

From nonhydrocarbon feed

Synthesis catalyst, solvent, or component thereof used as agent in hydrocarbon purification or separation

By interaction with nonhydrocarbon

With addition of reactor effluent component to catalyst as agent for rehabilitation or recycle

With control of water content of recycled catalyst

With measuring, sensing, testing, or synthesis operation control responsive to diverse condition

With removal of catalyst component from metal-hydrocarbon complex

With specified procedure for adding fresh makeup catalyst component to complex (sludge), support, or inert contact material

Special chemical considerations

Isotope exchange process

Opening of hydrocarbon ring

Process including synthesis of nonhydrocarbon intermediate

Carboxyl-containing, e.g., acid, etc.

Chalcogen-containing

Halogen-containing

Metal-, si-, b-, or p-containing, e.g., grignard, etc.

N-containing

Product is drying oil

Product is waxy polymer

Production of carbonium ion or hydrocarbon free-radical

Radiation-resistant composition

Synthesis from methane or inorganic carbon source, e.g., coal, etc.

Terpene manufacture or recovery

Unsaturated compound synthesis

By addition of entire unsaturated molecules, e.g., polymerization, etc.

Definite molecular weight product, e.g., dimer, etc.

Using alkali metal-containing catalyst

Using catalyst containing metal bonded to or complexed with c, c-containing compound, or h

Al-and transition metal-containing

And n-, p-, or s-containing

Using p-containing catalyst

Using s-containing catalyst

Plural serial polymerization stages

Poly-double-bond product

More than two double bonds, e.g., diene polymerization, etc.

Of definite molecular weight, e.g., dimer, etc.

Using p-containing catalyst

Triple-bond product

Using extraneous nonhydrocarbon agent, e.g., catalyst, etc.

B-containing catalyst

Catalyst containing inorganic metal

Al

Al oxide, e.g., aluminosilicate, etc.

Group viii metal

Hydride or organic compound or complex containing alkaline-, b-, or zn group material

Al trialkyl

Transition metal-containing

Ti

N- or p-containing catalyst

Metal phosphate

P compound on solid carrier, e.g., "solid phosphoric acid", etc.

S-containing catalyst

With heat conservation or using apparatus of recited composition

With preliminary treatment of feed

Removal of hydrocarbon fraction

With specified procedure for recycle of nonhydrocarbon

By alkyl transfer, e.g., disproportionation, etc.

Plural stage or averaging

Using catalyst containing mo, re, or w and another transition metal

Using organic extraneous agent

Using re-containing catalyst

By c content reduction, e.g., cracking, etc.

Ethylene product per se

Using catalyst

Using o (partial combustion) or steam

Isobutylene product per se

Using catalyst

By dehydrogenation

Plural stages or with catalyst movement

Using acceptor, e.g., hydrogen-exchange disproportionation, etc.

Elemental o or s acceptor with extraneous nonhydrocarbon agent, e.g., catalyst, etc.

Halogen-containing acceptor

Using extraneous agent containing pt-group metal and non-pt-group metal

Using transition metal oxide, sulfide, or salt

Cr, mo, or w

With other transition metal

With plural separation procedures applied to effluent or effluent component

By displacement of hydrocarbon radical by hydrocarbon molecule

By double-bond-shift isomerization

Using aluminosilicate catalyst

Using halogen-containing catalyst

Using organometallic catalyst

Using p-containing catalyst

Using s-containing catalyst

Using transition metal-containing catalyst

By skeletal isomerization

Diolefin product

By c content reduction, e.g., cracking, etc.

Butadiene product per se

Isoprene product per se

By dehydrogenation

Plural stage or with specified quench or separation procedure

Using extraneous nonhydrocarbon agent, e.g., catalyst, etc.

Metal salt agent

Moving catalyst or plural stage

Transition metal oxide or sulfide agent

Cr, mo, or w

With other transition metal

Using nonhydrocarbon acceptor

Elemental o acceptor

With metal oxide or hydroxide extraneous agent

Ferrite

Oxide of as, bi, or sb

With p containing extraneous agent

Sn-containing

Halogen-containing acceptor with elemental o

Halogen is cl only

Halogen is i only

From nonhydrocarbon feed

Halogen-containing feed using extraneous nonhydrocarbon agent

Heterocyclic

Using p-containing catalyst

O-containing

Alcohol

Diol

Using p-containing catalyst

Plural o-containing organic compounds

With unsaturated hydrocarbon in feed

With heat conservation or using solid inert heat carrier, e.g., regenerative furnace, etc.

From nonhydrocarbon feed

Alcohol, ester, or ether

Using metal oxide catalyst

Halogen-containing

Using acid, metal oxide, or salt catalyst

Product having more than two double bonds

Triple-bond product

From organic nontriple-bond feed

By partial combustion of hydrocarbon

Using extraneous nonreactant, e.g., diluent, catalyst, etc.

By thermal conversion of hydrocarbon, i.e., thermolysis

Using apparatus of recited composition

With heat conservation or using solid inert heat carrier, e.g., regenerative furnace, etc.

With carrier movement through reaction zone

Using apparatus of recited composition

With heat conservation or using solid or molten inert heat carrier, e.g., regenerative furnace, etc.

With carrier movement through reaction zone or use in quenching

With measuring, sensing, testing, or synthesis operation control responsive to diverse condition