Organic compounds (class 532, subclass 1)

Boron acids or salts thereof (i.e., compounds having -xh, wherein x is chalcogen, attached directly to boron by nonionic bonding and wherein the hydrogen may be replaced by a group ia or iia light metal, or by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium)

Boron bonded directly to the single bonded oxygen of a -s(=o)(=o)-o- group

Boron bonded directly to the single bonded x of a -c(=x)-x- group, wherein the x's may be the same or diverse chalcogens

Boron halides (i.e., compounds having halogen attached directly to boron by nonionic bonding

Phosphorus attached directly or indirectly to the boron by nonionic bonding

Carboxylic acid anhydrides (i.e., compounds having the -c(=o)-o-c(=o)- group)

Processes of forming the -c(=o)-o-c(=o)- group

Aldehyde reactant

Carbon monoxide or metal carbonyl reactant

Ether or carboxylic acid ester reactant

Carboxylic acid halide reactant

Carboxylic acid salt reactant

Dehydration of two like or different molecules of carboxylic acid

Vapor phase

Ether or carboxylic acid ester reactant

Ketone or ketene reactant

Purification or recovery

Carboxylic acids and salts thereof

Acyclic

Aldehyde or ketone

Polycarboxylic

Formation of carboxyl group by carbonation

Of alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid

Of c-metallated compound

Formation of carboxyl group by oxidation

Of alcohol

Caustic oxidant

Nitrogen containing oxidant

Of aldehyde

Producing acetic acid

Producing unsaturated acid

Group v metal containing catalyst utilized

Group viii metal containing catalyst utilized

Liquid phase oxidation

Of carboxylic acid or ester

Of oxy acid or ester

Of ether

Of halogenated hydrocarbon

Of hydrocarbon

Alicyclic

Alkane

Olefin

Producing acetic acid

Producing unsaturated acid

Group v metal containing catalyst utilized

Group viii metal containing catalyst utilized

Of ketone

Cyclic ketone or mixture thereof with cyclic alcohol

Two stage oxidation from hydrocarbon

With recycle or recovery of reaction component

Of nitrogen containing compound

Halogen

Fluorine containing

Preparation by dehalogenation

Preparation by halogenating acid or anhydride

Nitrogen bonded to carbon of organic radical (e.g., amino acids, etc.)

Alpha nitrogen

Beta alanine per se or salt thereof

Carbamic acids or salts thereof

Halogen or unsaturation

Oxy, aldehyde, or ketone

Pantothenic acid per se or salt thereof

Polycarboxylic

Threonine per se or salt thereof

Plural nitrogens

Glutamine per se or salt thereof

Lysine per se or salt thereof

Oxy containing

Polycarboxylic

Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid per se or salt thereof

Polycarboxylic

Glutamic acid per se or salt thereof

Nitrilotriacetic acid per se or salt thereof

Purification or recovery per se

Sulfur or selenium

Alpha n, beta s - acids or salts thereof

Penicillamine per se or salt thereof

Methionine per se or salt thereof

Ureido, hydrazino, or nitrogen double bonded directly to carbon

Oxy

Alkoxy

Halogen

Lactic acid per se or salt thereof

Polycarboxylic

Citric acid per se or salt thereof

Ether

Tartaric acid per se or salt thereof

Polyoxy

Purification or recovery per se

Sulfur

Polycarboxylic

Element other than c,h,o,n, or halogen

Halogen

Oxalic acid per se or salt thereof

Preparation by hydrogenation

Preparation by isomerization

Purification or recovery per se

Unsaturated

Preparation by carbonylation

Of alcohol or alcoholate

Of aldehyde or ketone

Of halogenated hydrocarbon

Of hydrocarbon

Group viii metal containing catalyst utilized

Preparation by degradation of carbohydrates

Preparation by hydrolysis of proteins

Preparation from source of undetermined composition (e.g., industrial waste, etc.)

Nitrogen containing acid produced

Preparing by oxidation of hydrocarbon mixtures

Plural -coo- groups in compound formed

Saturated lower fatty acids

Acetic acid per se or salt thereof

Purification or recovery per se

Formic acid per se or salt thereof

Unsaturated

Formation of ethylenic unsaturation

Purification or recovery per se

Sorbic acid per se or salt thereof

Alicyclic acids having an element other than oxygen, carbon, or hydrogen

Alicyclic acids having an oxy, aldehyde, or ketone group

Alicyclic acids having unsaturation

Alicyclic polycarboxylic acids

Aromatic

Aldehyde or ketone

Oxy

Phenoxy alkanoic acids

Polycyclo ring system

Bicyclo ring system

Two rings bonded directly to the same carbonyl

Decarboxylation of polycarboxylic acid or salt

Formation of carboxyl group by oxidation

Of aromatic compound

Alkyl side chain oxidized

Air, oxygen, or ozone oxidant

Gas phase

Halogen containing catalyst, initiator, or promoter utilized

Initiator or promoter used with catalyst

Multistage

With recycle or recovery of reaction component

Nitrogen containing oxidant

Sulfur containing oxidant

Of halo alkyl containing compound

Of oxy or carbonyl containing compound

Air, oxygen, or ozone oxidant

Hypohalite as oxidant

Nitrogen containing oxidant

Monocyclic

Additional unsaturation

Carboxyl, or salt thereof, not bonded directly to ring

Purification or recovery per se

Naphthyl group

Nitrogen bonded directly to carbon of organic radical (e.g., amino acids, etc.)

Carboxyl, or salt thereof, bonded directly to a ring

Halogen

Nitro or nitroso

Halogen

Plural nitrogens

Plural rings

Plural rings bonded directly to the same carbonyl

Nitrogen double bonded directly to carbon (e.g., amidine, ketimine, etc.)

Nitrogen not bonded directly to a ring

In same chain as carboxyl, or salt thereof

Amide

Halogen

Oxy

Phenyl alanines

Di-oxy phenyl alanines

Phenoxphenyl alanines

Plural nitrogens

Oxy

Oxy

Amide

Aryl-n-aryl

Carboxyl, or salt thereof, nitrogen and oxygen all bonded directly to the same benzene ring

Plural rings bonded directly to the same carbon

Plural rings with nitrogen bonded directly to at least one ring

Ureido, guanido, or hydrazine

Oxy

Carboxyl, or salt thereof, bonded directly to a ring

Halogen

Phenolic hydroxy or metallate

Poly phenolic hydroxy or metallate

Salicyclic acid per se or salt thereof

Oxy, bonded directly to a ring, in same side chain as carboxyl, or salt thereof

Halogen

Oxy, not bonded directly to a ring, in same side chain as carboxyl, or salt thereof

Phenolic hydroxy or metallate

Plural rings bonded directly to the same carbon

Polycyclo ring system

Carboxyl bonded directly to naphthylene ring system

Rings bonded directly to each other

Plural rings bonded directly to the same carbon

Polycarboxylic acids or salts thereof

Carboxyl not directly attached to a ring

Plural rings

Preparation by hydrolysis of amide, anhydride, or ester

Preparation by hydrolysis of nitrile

Preparation by isomerization

Prepared by disproportionation

Purification or recovery per se

By crystallization

By reaction of undesired component

Preparation by carbonation

Of alkali metal phenolates

Having plural rings

Preparation by carbonylation

Rings bonded directly to each other

Sulfur

Carboxyl, or salt thereof, bonded directly to a ring

Carboxyl, or salt thereof, in side chain having sulfur bonded directly to a ring

Polycyclo ring system

Indenyl or hydrindenyl

Sulfoxy

Nitrogen

Cyclobutyl

Cyclopentyl (e.g., prostoglandins, etc.)

Cyclopentyl bonded to -coor, -ccoor, or -cccoor

Cyclopropyl

Hydrophenanthrene nucleus

1,4a-dimethyl hydrophenanthrene-1 carboxylic acids or salts thereof

Naphthenic acids or salts thereof

Plural alicyclic rings

Tricyclo ring system

Two rings only

2,2,1-bicyclo

Orthofused

Preparing alicyclic acids by carbonylation

Racemization or separation of optical isomers

Physical resolution

Carboxylic halides (i.e., compounds having the -c(=o)-halo group)

Alicyclic ring containing

Boron or phosphorus attached directly or indirectly to the carbonyl group by nonionic bonding

Carbonyl bonded directly to the carbonyl group (e.g., oxalyl chlorides, etc.)

Fluorine is the halogen (i.e., carboxylic fluorides)

Plural -c(=o)-f groups attached indirectly to each other by nonionic bonding

Processes for forming the carbonyl group

Processes for forming the carbonyl to fluoride bond

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the carbonyl group by nonionic bonding

Nitrogen bonded directly to the carbonyl group (e.g., carbamyl chlorides, etc.)

Chalcogen or additional carbonyl bonded directly to the nitrogen

Processes utilizing phosgene as a reactant

Phosgene, per se

Plural -c(=o)-halo groups attached indirectly to each other by nonionic bonding

Plural -c(=o)-halo groups bonded directly to the same benzene ring

Preparing utilizing phosgene

Processes utilizing carbon monoxide as a reactant

Processes

Dehalogenation or dehydrohalogenation

Forming the carbonyl group

By oxidizing a halogenated olefin

Forming the carbonyl to halide bond

Elemental halogen or hydrogen halide utilized

Reactant having halogen bonded directly to sulfur by nonionic bonding

Halogenation

Ketene reactant

Phosgene reactant

Purification or recovery

With preservative or stabilizer

Compounds having the -(o=)s(=o)-nh-halo group (i.e., n-halo sulfonamides, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only)

Compounds having the -s-scn group bonded directly to carbon, which carbon may be single bonded to any atom but may be multiple bonded only to carbon

Containing -c(=nh)-x-c(=x)-, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only, and the x's may be the same or diverse chalcogens

Containing -c(=x)-cn, wherein x is chalcogen (e.g., carbonyl cyanides, etc.)

Containing -c(=x)-n=c=x or -c(=x)-x-n=n-x-, wherein the x's may be the same or diverse chalcogens

Containing -c(=x)-nh-x-c(=x)- or -c(=x)-nh-x-s(=o)(=o)-, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only, and the x's may be the same or diverse chalcogens

Containing -c(=x)-nh-x-halo, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only, and the x's may be the same or diverse chalcogens

Containing -c(=x)-nh-x-nh-c(=x)- or -c(=x)-x-nh-s(=o)(=o)-, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only, and the x's may be the same or diverse chalcogens

Containing -c(=x)-x-n(=o) or -c(=x)-x-s(=o)(=o)-, wherein the x's may be the same or diverse chalcogens

Containing -s(=o)(=o)-cn or -s(=o)(=o)-n=s=o

Hydroxamic acid halides or chalcogen analogs therof (i.e., compounds having the -c(=x)nh-halo group, wherein x is chalcogen and substitution may be made for hydrogen only)

Additional nitrogen bonded directly to the -c(=x)- group (e.g., urea halides, etc.)

Hydroxamic acids, chalcogen analogs or salts thereof (i.e., compounds having the -c(=x)-n(r)-xh group or the -c(xh)=nxr group, wherein r may be hydrogen or substitution for hydrogen, the x's in each group may be the same or diverse chalcogens, and h of -xh in each group may be replaced by a group ia or iia light metal, or by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium)

Carbocyclic ring bonded directly to the carbon of the acid group

Nitrogen attached to the acid group directly or indirectly by acyclic nonionic bonding (e.g., n-hydroxy ureas, dihydroxamic acids, etc.)

Imidic acid halides (i.e., compounds having the -n=ch-halo group, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only)

Additional halogen bonded directly to the carbon of the imidic halide group (i.e., -n=(halo)c(halo)

Chalcogen attached directly to the nitrogen of the imidic halide group by nonionic bonding (i.e., -x-n=ch-halo, wherein x is chalcogen)

Nitrogen attached directly to the nitrogen of the imidic halide group by nonionic bonding (i.e., hnh-n=ch-halo, wherein subsitution may be made for hydrogen only)

Imidic acids, chalcogen analogs or salts thereof (i.e., compounds having the group -n-c(xh)-, wherein x is chalcogen and the hydrogen may be replaced by a group ia or iia light metal, or by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium)

Nitrolic acids or salts thereof (i.e., compounds having the group -c(=noh)-n(=o) (=o), wherein the hydrogen may be replaced by a group ia or iia light metal, or by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium)

Percarboxylic acids or salts thereof (i.e., compounds having the -c(=o)-o oh group, wherein the hydrogen may be replaced by a group ia or iia light metal, or by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium)

Formation of the -c(=o)-o-oh group, or of a salt thereof (e.g., from acid halides or anhydrides, neutralization; etc)

Aldehyde or percarboxylic acid ester reactant

Carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid salt reactant

With preservative or stabilizer

Persulphonic acids or salts thereof (i.e., compounds having the -s(=o)(=o) o-oh group, wherein the hydrogen may be replaced by a group ia or iia light metal, or by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium)

Phosphorus acids or salts thereof (i.e., compounds having -xh, wherein x is chalcogen, attached directly to phosphorus by nonionic bonding and wherein the hydrogen may be replaced by a substituted or unsubstituted ammonium or by a group ia or iia light metal)

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the phosphorus by nonionic bonding

The chalcogen is in a -c(=x)- group

Halogen attached indirectly to the phosphorus by nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached directly to the phosphorus by nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the phosphorus by nonionic bonding

Plural phosphori attached indirectly to each other by nonionic bonding

Additional nitrogen attached indirectly to the phosphorus by nonionic bonding

Plural phosphori bonded directly to the same carbon

The nitrogen and the phosphorus are bonded directly to the same carbon

The nitrogen is bonded to an additional acyclic carbon or acyclic carbon chain, to which a -c(=x)x- group is bonded directly, wherein the x's are the same or diverse chalcogen

Preparing from a compound having a nitrogen containing hetero ring

The nitrogen is bonded directly to -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen

Plural phosphori attached indirectly to each other by nonionic bonding

Plural phosphori bonded directly to the same carbon

Processes

Sulfur attached directly to the phosphorus by nonionic bonding

The phosphorus is in a ring

Phosphorus bonded directly to cyano or to -n=c=x, wherein x is chalcogen

Phosphorus bonded directly to the single bonded x of a -c(=x)-x-group, wherein the x's may be the same or diverse chalcogens

Phosphorus halides (i.e., compounds having halogen attached directly to phosphorus by nonionic bonding)

Additional phosphorus attached directly or indirectly to the phosphorus by nonionic bonding

Forming phosphorus to carbon bond

Nitrogen bonded directly to the phosphorus

The phosphorus and the nitrogen are in the same ring

Oxygen bonded directly to the phosphorus

Forming phosphorus to carbon bond

Forming phosphorus to halogen bond

Halogen attached indirectly to the phosphorus by acyclic nonionic bonding

Sulfur bonded directly to the phosphorus

Forming phosphorus to carbon bond

Preparing utilizing an inorganic compound containing phosphorus and sulfur

The phosphorus is in a ring

Selenium or tellurium containing

Sulfinic or sulfenic acids or salts thereof (i.e., compounds containing the sulfinate group, -s(=o)o-, or the sulfenate group, -s-o-, wherein the single bonded oxygen is bonded directly to hydrogen, or to a group ia or group iia light metal or to substituted or unsubstituted ammonium)

Nitrogen attached indirectly to a sulfinate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Sulfohydroxamic acids, chalcogen analogs or salts thereof (i.e., compounds having the -s(=o)(=o)-n(r)-xh group, wherein r may be hydrogen or substitution for hydrogen, x is chalcogen, and h of -xh may be replaced by a group ia or iia light metal,or by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium)

Sulfonic acids or salts thereof (i.e., compounds containing the sulfonate group, -s(=o)(=o)-o- wherein the single bonded oxygen is bonded directly to hydrogen, or to a group ia or iia light metal or to substituted or unsubstituted ammonium)

Addition salts having organic nitrogen containing cation

Benzene ring attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Noncarbon atom in acyclic chain between the benzene ring and the sulfonate sulfur

Nitrogen in the acyclic chain

Chalcogen or -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, in the chain

Benzene ring bonded directly to the sulfonate sulfur (e.g., purification and neutralization of benzene sulfonic acids, etc.)

Acyclic carbon to carbon unsaturation containing

Addition salts having organic nitrogen containing cation

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, in the cation

Nitrogen double bonded to carbon in the cation (e.g., guanidinium salts, etc.)

Halogen attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding (e.g., aldehydes, etc.)

Chalcogen or nitrogen bonded directly to the -c(=x)- group

Acyclic carbon bonded directly to the -c(=x)- group

Benzene ring bonded directly to each nitrogen of a -nh-c(=x)-nh-group, wherein x is chalcogen and substitution may be made for hydrogen only

At least one of the benzene rings is part of a naphthalene ring system

Plural naphthalene ring systems attached indirectly to the -nhc(=x)nh- group by nonionic bonding

Plural -c(=x)- groups attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding

Plural -c(=x)- groups bonded directly to the same benzene ring

Plural carbons bonded directly to -c(=x)-

Stilbene containing

The -c(=x)- is part of a -c(=x)x- group, wherein the x's may be the same or diverse chalcogens

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding

Nitro or halogen bonded directly to a benzene ring

Plural benzene rings bonded directly to each other or to the same acyclic carbon

Plural benzene rings bonded directly to the same nitrogen

At least one of the benene rings is part of a naphthalene ring system

Oxygen bonded directly to a benzene ring

Plural nitrogens each bonded to two benzene rings (e.g., phenylaminophenylaminophenyl compounds, etc.)

Polycyclo ring system consisting of benzene rings bonded directly to the sulfonate group

Halogen, plural nitrogens, or additional sulfonate group bonded directly to the polycyclo ring system

Nitro or nitroso bonded directly to the polycyclo ring system

Oxygen bonded directly to the polycyclo ring system (e.g., aminonaphthol sulfonic acid, etc.)

Additional sulfonate group bonded directly to the polycyclo ring system (e.g., h acid, etc.)

Stilbene containing

Sulfonyl bonded directly to the nitrogen

The nitrogen is attached indirectly to a benzene ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Additional nitrogen attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding

Nonsulfonate chalcogen attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding

Halogen attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding

Plural carbons bonded directly to the nonsulfonate chalcogen (e.g., ethers, sulfones, etc.)

Hydroxy group or nonsulfonate sulfur attached indirectly to a benzene ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Plural oxygens bonded directly to the same benzene ring

The sulfonate group and oxygen are bonded directly to the same polycyclo ring system which consists of benzene rings

Additional sulfonate group bonded directly to the polycyclo ring system

The sulfonate group, oxygen, and alkyl of at least 4 carbons are bonded directly to the same benzene ring

Two benzene rings bonded to the nonsulfonate chalcogen (e.g., phenoxyphenyl compounds, etc.)

Plural benzene rings bonded directly to each other, or to the same acyclic carbon or acyclic carbon chain

Polycyclo ring system consisting of benzene rings bonded directly to the sulfonate group

Processes of sulfonating naphthalene per se or alkyl substituted naphthalene

Sulfonate group and alkyl group of at least four carbons bonded directly to the same benzene ring

Neutralization or acidification

Processes including alkylation of a benzene ring, and the products thereof

The alkylating agent is an olefin

Purification or recovery

Sulfonation processes

With preservative, stabilizer, or color or odor affecting additive

Sulfonation utilizing sulfur trioxide or oleum (e.g., sulfonation of benzene or toluene with oleum, etc.)

Sulfonation utilizing sulfuric acid (e.g., sulfonation of benzene or toluene with sulfuric acid, etc.)

Boron or phosphorus attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding (e.g., phosphonium salts, etc.)

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Addition salts having organic nitrogen containing cation

Plural carbons bonded directly to the chalcogen (e.g., ethers, etc.)

Plural chalcogens attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

The chalcogen, x, is in a -c(=x)- group

Chalcogen or -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, attached directly to the sulfonate sulfur by nonionic bonding

Halogen attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Hydrophenanthrene ring system containing

Nitrogen attached directly to the sulfonate sulfur by nonionic bonding (e.g., sulfamic acids, etc.)

Additional salts having organic nitrogen containing cation

Processes of forming the -nh-s(=o)(o=)-o- group, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only

Processes utilizing an inorganic sulfamic acid, or a salt thereof

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Plural nitrogens or plural -c(=x)- groups, wherein x is chalcogen, attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Petroleum sulfonic acids

Addition salts having organic nitrogen containing cation

Plural sulfonate groups attached indirectly to each other by acyclic nonionic bonding

Nitrogen or -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, attached indirectly to the sulfonate groups by nonionic bonding

Plural nonsulfonate chalcogens attached indirectly to the sulfonate groups by nonionic bonding

Polycyclo alicyclic ring system attached directly or indirectly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding

Processes (e.g., neutralization, stabilization, etc.)

Conversion of sulfur containing hetero ring compounds to sulfonic acids

Decarboxylation, hydrogenation or formation of carbon-to-carbon unsaturation

Formation of sulfonic acids or sulfonic acid salts utilizing inorganic sulfonating agents (e.g., reaction of alcohols or alkyl halides with sulfurous acid, etc.)

Sulfurous acid or salt thereof reacted with unsaturated hydrocarbon

Utilizing sulfur dioxide and oxygen (i.e., sulfoxidation)

Utilizing sulfur trioxide, oleum, sulfuric acid or halosulfonic acid

Hydrolysis of sulfonyl halides

Oxidation of organic sulfur compounds to sulfonic acids

Purification or recovery

Processes of sulfonating lignites, leonardites, coal, humic acids, bark or pitch, and the reaction products thereof

Sulfonic anhydrides (i.e., compounds having the -s(=o)(=o)-o-s(=o)(o=) group

Sulfonyl isocyanates or sulfonyl isothiocyanates, (i.e., compounds having the -s(=o)(=o)-n=c=x group, wherein x is oxygen or sulfur)

Sulfur halides (i.e., compounds having halogen attached directly to sulfur by nonionic bonding)

Chalcogen double bonded directly to the sulfur (e.g., sulfinyl halides, etc.)

Plural chalcogens double bonded directly to the sulfur (e.g., sulfonyl halides, etc.)

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the sulfur by nonionic bonding

Halogen attached indirectly to the sulfur by nonionic bonding

Nitrogen, other than as nitro or nitroso, attached indirectly to the sulfur by nonionic bonding

Plural sulfonyl halide groups attached indirectly to each other by nonionic bonding

Preparing utilizing thionyl halide or carbonyl dihalide (e.g., phosgene, etc.)

Processes for forming the sulfonyl halide group utilizing elemental halogen

Chalcogen or nitrogen attached indirectly to the sulfur by nonionic bonding

Nitrogen bonded directly to the sulfur

Phosphorus, -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, additional chalcogen attached directly to the nitrogen by nonionic bonding

Perchloro methyl mercaptan per se (i.e., trichloromethane sulfenyl chloride)

The halogen is fluorine

Chalcogen double bonded directly to the sulfur (e.g., sulfonyl fluorides, etc.)

Benzene attached directly or indirectly to the sulfur by nonionic bonding

Thiocarboxylic acid anhydrides (i.e., compounds having the -c(=x)-x c(=x)- group, wherein the x's may be the same or diverse chalcogens and at least one x is sulfur)

Thiocarboxylic acids or salts thereof (i.e., compounds having the group -c(=x)xh, wherein the x's are the same or diverse chalcogens and at least one x is sulfur, and hydrogen may be replaced by a group ia or iia light metal, or by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium)

Nitrogen bonded directly to the carbon of the -c(=x)xh group or of its salt (e.g., dithiocarbamic acids, etc.)

Processes utilizing carbon disulfide

Thiocarboxylic halides (i.e., compounds having the -c(=s)-halo group)

Additional halogen bonded directly to the -c(=s)- group (e.g., thiophosgene, etc.)

Thiosulfonic acids or salts thereof (i.e., compounds containing the thiosulfonate group, -s(=o)(=o)-s-, wherein the divalent sulfur is bonded directly to hydrogen, or to a group ia or iia light metal or to substituted or unsubstituted ammonium)

Two borons bonded directly to the same divalent chalcogen atom (e.g., boroxoles, etc.)

Two phosphori bonded directly to the same divalent chalcogen atom (e.g., pyrophosphorus compounds, etc.)