Organic compounds (class 532, subclass 1)

Borate esters (i.e., compounds having boron and carbon each single bonded to the same oxygen, which carbon may be single bonded to any atom but may be multiple bonded only to carbon)

Boron and oxygen in the same ring

Carbon in the ring

Nitrogen in the ring

Plural rings each having boron, carbon and oxygen as ring members

Three oxygens attached directly to the same boron by nonionic bonding

Carbon bonded directly to the boron

Plural acyclic borons attached directly or indirectly to each other by nonionic bonding

Three oxygens attached directly to the same boron by nonionic bonding

Benzene ring attached indirectly to boron by nonionic bonding

Nitrogen or chalcogen attached indirectly to boron by acyclic nonionic bonding

Trialkyl borates (i.e., compounds having the structure (ro)b(or)(or), wherein the r's represent the same or diverse alkyl groups

Processes utilizing boric oxide or an inorganic boric acid

Carbonate esters (i.e, compounds having the -o-c(=o)o- group bonded directly to at least one carbon, which carbon may be single bonded to any atom but may be multiple bonded only to carbon)

Benzene ring attached indirectly to the -o-c(=o)o- group by nonionic bonding

Benzene ring bonded directly to the -o-c(=o)o- group

Additional chalcogen bonded directly to the benzene ring

Nitrogen bonded directly to the benzene ring

Nitrogen or additional chalcogen attached indirectly to the benzene ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Two benzene rings bonded directly to the -o-c(=o)o- group (i.e., diaryl carbonates)

Nitrogen attached directly to the -o-c(=o)o- group by nonionic bonding (e.g., oxime carbonates, urea carbonates, etc.)

Nitrogen or chalcogen attached indirectly to the -o-c(=o)o- group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Oxygen bonded directly to the -o-c(=o)o- group by nonionic bonding (e.g., monoperoxycarbonates, etc.)

Carbonyl bonded directly to the oxygen (i.e., compounds having the -o-c(=o) o-o-c(=o)- group; e.g., peroxydicarbonates, acyl peroxycarbonates, etc.)

Plural -o-c(=o)o- groups attached indirectly to each other by nonionic bonding

Additional chalcogen attached indirectly to one of the -o-c(=o)o- groups by acyclic nonionic bonding

The additional chalcogen, x, is in a -c(=x)- group

Benzene ring attached directly or indirectly to one of the -o-c(=o)o- groups by nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached directly or indirectly to the benzene ring by nonionic bonding

Two identical or diverse alkyl groups bonded directly to the -o-c(=o)o- group (e.g., dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, etc.)

With preservative or stabilizer

Cyano single bonded and nitrogen or phosphorus double bonded to the same carbon atom (e.g., alpha-imino nitriles, etc.)

Oxygen bonded directly to the double bonded nitrogen (e.g., alpha-oximino nitriles, etc.)

Esters having the thiocarboxylate group, -c(=x)x-, wherein the x's are the same or diverse chalcogens, with at least one x being sulfur, and wherein the single bonded x is bonded directly to an additional carbon, which carbon may be single bonded to any atom, but may be multiple bonded only to carbon

Esters having the -x-c(=x)x- group, wherein the x's are the same or diverse chalcogens and at least one x is sulfur, and wherein one of the single bonded x's is bonded directly to carbon, which carbon may be single bonded to any atom, but may be multiple bonded only to carbon (e.g., thiocarbonates, etc.)

The -x-c(=x)x- is -s-c(=o)o- (e.g., thiolcarbonates, etc.)

The -x-c(=x)x- is -s-c(=s)o- (e.g., xanthates, etc.)

Alkyl and hydrogen bonded directly to the -s-c(=s)o- group, wherein the hydrogen may be replaced by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium or by a group ia or iia light metal (e.g., sodium ethyl xanthate, etc.)

Nitrogen or chalcogen attached indirectly to the -s-c(=s)o- group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Two -c(=x)- groups, wherein the x's are the same or diverse chalcogens, bonded directly to the same chalcogen or to a chain consisting of chalcogens (e.g., xanthic disulfides, etc.)

Halothiocarbonate esters (i.e., compounds wherein halogen is bonded directly to the carbon of the -c(=x)x- group)

Nitrogen bonded directly to the carbon of the -c(=x)x- group (e.g., thiocarbamates, etc.)

Benzene ring attached indirectly to the nitrogen by nonionic bonding

Benzene ring bonded directly to the nitrogen or to the sulfur of a -c(=o)s- group

Chalcogen, nitrogen, or additional -c(=x)- attached directly to the nitrogen by nonionic bonding (x is chalcogen)

Nitrogen or additional chalcogen attached indirectly to the nitrogen by acyclic nonionic bonding

The chalcogen, x, is in a -c(=x)- group

The -c(=x)x- is -c(=s)o-

The -c(=x)x- is -c(=s)s-

Nitrogen or additional chalcogen attached indirectly to the nitrogen by acyclic nonionic bonding

Cyano or -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, attached indirectly to the nitrogen by acyclic nonionic bonding

Plural hhn-c(=s)s- groups, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only

Phosphorus attached directly or indirectly to the thiocarboxylate group by nonionic bonding

The -c(=x)x- is -c(=o)s-

Benzene ring attached directly or indirectly to the -c(=0)s- group by nonionic bonding

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the -c(=o)s- group by acyclic nonionic bonding

The chalcogen, x, is in a -c(=x)- group

Nitrogen bonded directly to the -c(=x)- group

The -c(=x)- group is part of a -coo- group

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the -c(=o)s- group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Plural -c(=o)s- groups containing

Halocarbonate esters (i.e., compounds having the halo-c(=o)o- group bonded directly to carbon, which carbon may be single bonded to any atom but may be multiple bonded only to carbon)

Benzene ring attached directly or indirectly to the halo-c(=o)o- group by nonionic bonding

Halogen attached indirectly to the halo-c(=o)o- group by nonionic bonding

Plural halo-c(=o)o- groups attached indirectly to each other by nonionic bonding

Imidate esters (i.e., compounds having the imidate group, hn=ch-o-, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only, bonded directly to carbon, which carbon may be single bonded to any atom but may be multiple bonded only to carbon)

Carbon bonded directly to the nitrogen of the imidate group (e.g., n cyanoimidates, etc.)

Nitrogen bonded directly to the carbon of the imidate group (i.e., pseudoureas, hn=c(hnh)-o-, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only)

Oxygen attached directly to the nitrogen of the imidate group by nonionic bonding (i.e., ho-n=ch-o-, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only)

Isonitriles (i.e., compounds having an isonitrile group, usually represented as -n=c, bonded directly to carbon, which carbon may be single bonded to any atom but may be multiple bonded only to carbon)

Isothiocyanate esters (i.e., compounds containing the isothiocyanate group, -n=c=s, bonded directly to carbon, which carbon may be single bonded to any atom but may be multiple bonded only to carbon)

Processes for forming the isothiocyanate group

Thiocyano, isocyanate, or isocyanide dihalide group containing compound utilized (i.e., -scn, -n=c=o, or -n=cxx containing compound utilized wherein x is halogen)

Nitrate esters or chalcogen analogues thereof (i.e., compounds having (x=)n(=x)-x- bonded directly to carbon, which carbon may be single bonded to any atom but may be multiple bonded only to carbon; the x's may be the same or diverse chalcogens)

Additional nitrogen or chalcogen containing

Plural (x=)n(=x)-x- groups containing

Containing nitrogen bonded directly to carbon

Four or more (x=)n(=x)-x- groups containing

Glyceryl trinitrate per se (i.e., trinitroglycerin)

Benzene ring containing

With preservative or stabilizer

Nitrile oxides or nitrile imines (i.e., compounds having cyano bonded directly to carbon, which carbon may be single bonded to any atom but may be multiple bonded only to carbon, and wherein the nitrogen of the cyano group is bonded directly to oxygen or to nitrogen)

Nitriles (i.e., compounds having cyano bonded directly to carbon, which carbon may be single bonded to any atom but may be multiple bonded only to carbon)

Acyclic (e.g., purification of saturated nitriles, etc.)

Carbon to carbon unsaturation containing

Purification or recovery

Of nitriles prepared by hydrocyanation (e.g., by reaction of acetylene with hydrogen cyanide, etc.)

Of nitriles prepared by reaction of an organic compound, ammonia, and molecular oxygen or a molecular oxygen-containing gas (i.e., of nitriles prepared by ammoxidation)

Utilizing ion exchange resin, or a silicon, aluminum, or heavy metal containing material

Carbonyl attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding (e.g., aldehydes, ketones, etc.)

Nitrogen bonded directly to the carbonyl (e.g., ureas, etc.)

Oxygen bonded directly to the carbonyl group (e.g., carboxylic acid esters, etc.)

Additional carbonyl attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding

The cyano group is bonded directly to the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon (e.g., alpha cyano acrylates, etc.)

The oxygen is between the carbonyl and the cyano group (e.g., cyano is in the alcohol portion of a carboxylic acid ester, etc.)

Halogen attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding

Plural halogens attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding

Having -oh bonded directly to carbon (wherein h of -oh may be replaced by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium, or by a group ia or iia light metal) by dehydroacylation, etc.)

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding

Hydrogenation of dinitriles, or displacement of halo, hydroxy, or alkoxy by ammonia or substituted ammonia

Plural cyano groups bonded directly to the same carbon (e.g., malononitrile, tetracyanoethylene, etc.)

Plural cyano groups bonded directly to the same chain (e.g., adiponitrile, etc.)

A carbon in the chain is multiple bonded to carbon (e.g., 1,4 dicyanobutene, etc.)

Purification or recovery of saturated hydrocarbon dinitriles (e.g., from mixtures with cyanocyclopentanonimine, 2-cyanocyclopenten-1-ylamine, etc.)

The chain contains nitrogen (e.g., iminodiacetonitrile, nitrilotriacetonitrile, etc.)

The nitrogen is attached directly to halogen by nonionic bonding, or is part of a nitro, nitroso, nitrate, or n-oxide group

Nitrogen, double bonded to carbon, attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding (e.g., imines, oximes, etc.)

Plural carbons bonded directly to the same oxygen

Cyano is attached directly or indirectly by nonionic bonding to carbon that is multiple bonded to another carbon

Plurals oxygens bonded directly to the same carbon (e.g., acetals, etc.)

Processes for formation of an ether group (e.g., cyanoethylation of alcohols, etc.)

Processes for preparation of saturated nitriles

Sulfur attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding

The sulfur is double bonded to oxygen

Two carbons bonded directly to the same divalent sulfur

Additional cyano group

Benzene ring attached indirectly to the cyano group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Benzene ring and cyano connected by a chain consisting of two carbons multiple bonded to each other

Additional benzene ring bonded directly to the chain

Nitrogen, except as nitro or nitroso, bonded directly to the benzene ring

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding

Oxygen bonded directly to carbonyl (e.g., carboxylic acid esters, etc.)

Three-membered carbocyclic ring containing

Two carbons bonded directly to the carbon of the -c(=x)- group (e.g., ketones, etc.)

Nitrogen, except as nitro or nitroso, attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding

Plural cyano groups containing

Non-carbon atom in acyclic chain between the benzene ring and the cyano group

Having -coo- in the chain

Cyano or carbonyl bonded directly to an acyclic carbon which is double bonded to another carbon

The carbon of the -coo- group is bonded directly to the benzene ring

Nitrogen in the acyclic chain

Carbon, also in the chain, double bonded to the nitrogen

Having -c(=x)-, also in the chain, bonded directly to the nitrogen (wherein x is chalcogen)

Carbon to carbon unsaturation, chalcogen, or additional nitrogen in the chain

The chain nitrogen bonded directly to the benzene ring

Cyano or carbonyl bonded directly to an acyclic carbon which is double bonded to another carbon

Sulfur in the chain

Oxygen double bonded to the sulfur

Oxygen attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding (e.g., nitro group, etc.)

Benzene ring attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding (i.e., alicyclic ring between the benzene ring and the cyano group)

Polycyclo ring system having at least three cyclos, at least one of which is a benzene ring

Benzene ring bonded directly to the cyano group

Carbonyl attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding

Benzene ring bonded directly to the carbonyl

Oxygen bonded directly to the carbonyl (e.g., benzoic acid esters, etc.)

The carbonyl is bonded directly to two non-carbon atoms, or to a non-carbon atom and an additional carbonyl (e.g., carbamates, oxamides, etc.)

Halogen attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding

Nitrogen, except as nitro or nitroso, attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding

Plural cyano groups containing

Plural benzene rings bonded directly to cyano groups

Plural cyano groups bonded directly to a benzene ring, which is further unsubstituted or hydrocarbyl substituted only

The nitrogen is attached indirectly to a benzene ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Oxygen attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding

Two benzene rings bonded directly to the same oxygen, or nitrogen bonded directly to oxygen (e.g., nitro compounds, phenoxyphenyl compounds, etc.)

Sulfur and hydroxy bonded directly to the same benzene ring, or containing a monocyclic unsaturated alicyclic ring or thiocarbonyl

Sulfur, double bonded to oxygen, attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding

Boron or spiro containing

Five-membered alicyclic ring containing

Four-membered alicyclic ring containing

Homopolymerization of hcn (e.g., tetramerization of hcn to diaminomaleonitrile)

Isomerization processes (e.g., double bond shift, cis-trans isomerism, etc.)

Isomerization of reactants containing plural cyano groups

Oxygen single bonded to oxygen, or sulfur single bonded to sulfur (e.g., peroxy compounds, etc.)

Phosphorus attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding

Chalcogen, nitrogen, or halogen bonded directly to the phosphorus by nonionic bonding

Polycyclo alicyclic ring system containing

The ring system contains at least three cyclos

Processes for forming the cyano group

Ammonia utilized

And molecular oxygen or a molecular oxygen containing gas

Acting on a benzene ring-containing compound

Alkali metal containing material utilized

Acting on a compound containing acyclic or alicyclic carbon to carbon unsaturation

Antimony containing material utilized

Uranium or arsenic containing material utilized

Molybdenum containing material utilized

Bismuth containing material utilized

Niobium, tantalum, silver, sulfur, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, or platinum containing material utilized

Tellurium containing material utilized

Product contains cyano bonded directly to a benzene ring

Reactant contains acyclic or alicyclic carbon to carbon double bond

Hetero ring containing reactant

Nitrogen, or oxygen, and carbonyl carbon are adjacent ring members of the hetero ring (e.g., lactams, lactones, etc.)

Reactant contains -oh bonded directly to acyclic or alicyclic carbon (wherein h of -oh may be replaced by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium, or by a group ia or iia light metal)

Reactant is a carboxylic acid, or an amide, anhydride, ester, halide, or salt thereof

Liquid phase reaction

Utilizing a formamide, heavy metal salt, aluminum halide, organosilicon compound, organophosphorus compound, or a compound containing nitrogen and sulfur

Reactant is an aldehyde or ketone, or a compound having carbon double bonded to nitrogen (e.g., ammoxidation of acrolein, etc.)

Utilizing a nitrogen oxide or an azide

Utilizing nitryl halide, nitrosyl halide, hch=no- or hhno- (wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only; e.g., oximes, oxime esters, hydroxylamine salts, olefin-nitrosyl chloride adducts, etc.)

Processes of attaching cyano to carbon by reaction of an inorganic cyanide with an organic compound (e.g., using hcn, cyanogen, metal cyanide, ammonium cyanide, cyanogen chloride, etc.)

Aldehyde or ketone, and ammonia or substituted ammonia, reacted with the inorganic cyanide

Aldehyde, and carboxylic acid halide or carboxylic acid anhydride, reacted with the inorganic cyanide

Attaching cyano to the carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde or ketone (e.g., cyanohydrin formation, etc.)

Carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid halide, carboxylic acid anhydride, or compound containing carbon double bonded to nitrogen reacted with the inorganic cyanide

Hetero ring containing compound reacted with the inorganic cyanide (e.g., reaction of epoxy compounds, etc.)

Replacing halogen with cyano

On benzene ring

Organic compound of nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth utilized other than as reactant (e.g., utilizing phase transfer agents, etc.)

Replacing hydrogen with cyano (e.g., malononitrile from acetonitrile, etc.)

On benzene ring (e.g., benzonitrile from benzene, etc.)

Replacing oxygen or nitrogen, single bonded to carbon, by cyano

The organic compound contains a carbon to carbon triple bond (e.g., acrylonitrile from acetylene and hcn, etc.)

Liquid phase reaction (e.g., using aqueous cucl catalyst, etc.)

The organic compound contains an acyclic or alicyclic carbon to carbon double bond

Cobalt, copper, silver, or gold containing material utilized

Cyanogen or cyanogen halide utilized

Organic material which contains phosphorus, arsenic, or antimony, in addition to nickel, utilized (e.g., zero-valent nickel complexes, etc.)

Ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, or platinum containing material utilized

The organic compound contains a carbonyl (e.g., ketene, etc.)

The organic compound contains halogen bonded directly to carbon

Processes of forming an acyclic or alicyclic carbon to carbon double bond from an existing acyclic or alicyclic carbon to carbon single bond (e.g., by dehydroacylation, etc.)

By dehalogenation, dehydrocyanation, ring cleavage, or depolymerization

By dehydration (i.e., removal of water)

By dehydrogenation

By dehydrohalogenation

Processes of forming carbon to carbon bond between carbons of two organic reactants

A nitrile reactant and a second reactant each contain an acyclic or alicyclic carbon to carbon double bond

A nitrile reactant contains no acyclic or alicyclic carbon to carbon unsaturation

Aldehyde or ketone reactant

Carbonyl carbon of the aldehyde or ketone reacts to form a carbon to carbon double bond with carbon of a second reactant

The carbon of the second reactant is bonded directly to two atoms which are each double or triple bonded to noncarbon atoms

Formaldehyde reactant

Alkylation of an acyclic or alicyclic carbon, which is adjacent to a benzene ring or an atom double or triple bonded to a non-carbon atom, by means of an alkyl halide, alkyl sulfate, substituted alkyl halide or substituted alkyl sulfate

Carbon to carbon double bond is formed between a nitrile reactant having no acyclic or alicyclic carbon to carbon double bond and a second reactant

Cyanoalkylation of an acyclic or alicyclic carbon, which is adjacent to a benzene ring or an atom double or triple bonded to a non-carbon atom, by means of acrylonitrile or hydrocarbyl-substituted acrylonitrile (e.g., cyanoethylation, etc.)

The cyanoalkylated carbon is adjacent to a carbonyl carbon

Formation of a carbocyclic ring

Three- or four-membered monocyclic ring formed

Hydrogen bonded to a benzene ring is replaced by carbon

Reactant contains two cyano groups bonded directly to the same unsaturated carbon

Reactions utilizing epoxy compounds, or free radical reactions (e.g., utilizing peroxy or azo promotors, etc.)

The carbon to carbon bond forms between plural molecules of identical nitrile reactants (e.g., dimerization, etc.)

The reactant is an acyclic nitrile containing carbon to carbon unsaturation (e.g., dimerization or oligomerization of acrylonitrile, etc.)

Amalgam utilized

Heavy metal or aluminum containing material utilized

Organic phosphorus compound utilized

The carbons that form the bond each lose halogen in the process

Processes utilizing carbon monoxide as a reactant

Racemization, resolution, or inversion of configuration processes for optically active compounds

Six-membered alicyclic ring containing

Cyano bonded directly to the ring

Three-membered alicyclic ring containing

With preservative or stabilizer

Acyclic or alicyclic carbon to carbon unsaturation in the preserved or stabilized nitrile

Organic compound, which contains nitrogen, utilized as preservative or stabilizer

Sulfur or phosphorus containing preservative or stabilizer

Nitrite esters or chalcogen analogues thereof (i.e., compounds having (x=)n x- bonded directly to carbon, which carbon may be single bonded to any atom but may be multiple bonded only to carbon; the x's may be the same or diverse chalcogens)

Phosphorus esters (i.e., compounds having the phosphorus ester group, wherein trivalent or pentavalent phosphorus and carbon are bonded directly to the same divalent chalcogen, and wherein the carbon may be single bonded to any atom but may be multiple bonded only to carbon)

Boron containing

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the phosphorus by acyclic nonionic bonding

Plural carbons bonded directly to the same chalcogen which is attached indirectly to the phosphorus by acyclic nonionic bonding (e.g., ethers, etc.)

Carbon bonded directly to the phosphorus

Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the phosphorus by acyclic nonionic bonding

Nitrogen bonded directly to the phosphorus

Plural ether oxygens or thioether sulfurs attached indirectly to the phosphorus by acyclic nonionic bonding

The chalcogen is bonded directly to a benzene ring and to acyclic carbon

The chalcogen is part of a -s(=o)- or a -s(=o)(=o)- group (e.g., sulfones, etc.)

The chalcogen, x, is in a -c(=x)- group

The -c(=x)- is part of a -c(=x)x- group, wherein the x's are the same or diverse chalcogens

Acyclic carbon chain containing carbon to carbon unsaturation attached directly or indirectly to the phosphorus by acyclic nonionic bonding

Plural -c(=x)x- groups attached indirectly to the phosphorus by acyclic nonionic bonding

The carbon of the -c(=x)x- group is bonded directly to the phosphorus or to nitrogen which is bonded directly to the phosphorus

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the phosphorus by nonionic bonding

Ether oxygen or thioether sulfur bonded directly to a benzene ring

Nitrogen or halogen attached directly to the phosphorus by nonionic bonding

The chalcogen is part of a -s(=o)- or a -s(=o)(=o)- group (e.g., sulfoxides, sulfonic acids, etc.)

The chalcogen, x, is in a -c(=x)- group

Divalent chalcogen double bonded directly to the phosphorus

And three divalent chalcogens single bonded directly to the phosphorus (e.g., trialkyl phosphates, etc.)

Alicyclic ring bonded directly to one of the chalcogens

Benzene ring bonded directly to one of the chalcogens

Benzene ring bonded directly to each of the three chalcogens

Three or more halogens bonded directly to the benzene ring

Multiple bond between two acyclic carbons

And two divalent chalcogens single bonded directly to the phosphorus

Benzene ring bonded directly to one of the chalcogens

Benzene ring bonded directly to the phosphorus

Multiple bond between two acyclic carbons

Halogen attached directly to the phosphorus by nonionic bonding

Halogen attached indirectly to the phosphorus by acyclic nonionic bonding

Carbon to carbon unsaturation containing

The unsaturation is in a benzene ring

Plural fluorines bonded to an acyclic carbon or to an acyclic carbon chain

Hydrazine, or substituted hydrazine, group attached directly or indirectly to the phosphorus by nonionic bonding (i.e., hhn-nh- group, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only)

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the phosphorus by acyclic nonionic bonding

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the phosphorus by acyclic nonionic bonding

Chalcogen bonded directly to the nitrogen by nonionic bonding

The chalcogen, x, is in a -c(=x)- group, which group is bonded directly to the nitrogen

Chalcogen, or additional -c(=x), bonded directly to the nitrogen

Nitrogen bonded directly to the phosphorus

The -c(=x)- is part of a -c(=x)x- group, wherein the x's may be the same or diverse chalcogens

Two carbons bonded directly to the same chalcogen (e.g., sulfones, carboxylic acid esters, ethers, etc.)

Containing carbon double bonded to nitrogen

The nitrogen is part of a cyano or isocyano group

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the phosphorus by acyclic nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the phosphorus by nonionic bonding

Cyano or isocyano attached indirectly to the phosphorus by nonionic bonding

Nitro bonded directly to a benzene ring

Nitrogen or halogen attached directly to the phosphorus by nonionic bonding

Nitrogen bonded directly to the phosphorus

Acyclic carbon chain containing carbon to carbon unsaturation attached indirectly to the phosphorus by acyclic nonionic bonding

Benzene ring and the phosphorus bonded directly to the same chalcogen (i.e., the carbon of the phosphorus ester group is part of a benzene ring)

Oxygen single bonded to oxygen, or sulfur single bonded to sulfur (e.g., peroxy compounds, etc.)

Phosphorus and a -c(=x)- group, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to the same chalcogen

Plural phosphori attached directly or indirectly to each other by nonionic bonding

Plural phosphorus ester groups

Divalent chalcogen double bonded directly to pentavalent phosphorus

Plural phosphori attached indirectly to each other by a benzene ring or by a chain which includes a benzene ring

Plural phosphori attached indirectly to each other by an acyclic chalcogen containing chain

Plural chalcogens in the acyclic chain

Divalent chalcogen, bonded directly to two carbons or to carbon and hydrogen, attached indirectly to phosphorus by acyclic nonionic bonding (wherein the hydrogen may be replaced by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium, or by a group ia or iia light metal)

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, attached indirectly to phosphorus by acyclic nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached indirectly to phosphorus by acyclic nonionic bonding

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to the nitrogen

Nitrogen bonded directly to phosphorus

Plural phosphori bonded to the same chalcogen (e.g., pyrophosphate esters, etc.)

Processes

Converting a phosphorus ester group to a p-xh group, wherein h of -xh may be replaced by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium or by a group ia or iia light metal, and wherein x is chalogen and p may be trivalent or pentavalent

Forming a -c(=x)nhh or -n=c=o group, wherein x is chalcogen and substitution may be made for hydrogen only

Forming a linkage wherein divalent chalcogen is bonded directly to two phosphori (e.g., forming the pyrophosphate linkage, etc.)

Reactant having halogen attached directly to phosphorus by nonionic bonding

Forming carbon to carbon multiple bond

Forming nonionic phosphorus to halogen bond

Forming or utilizing an -o-o- or -s-s- group

Forming p-x-c(=x)- group, wherein the x's may be the same or different chalcogens and the phosphorus may be trivalent or pentavalent

Forming phosphorus to chalcogen bond

Forming phosphorus to nitrogen bond

Forming the phosphorus ester group

Elemental phosphorus reactant

Reactant consists of phosphorus and oxygen (e.g., phosphorus pentoxide, etc.)

And reactant having alcoholic or phenolic -xh group, wherein x is chalcogen (and wherein h of -xh may be replaced by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium, or by a group ia or iia light metal)

Reactant consists of phosphorus and sulfur (e.g., phosphorus pentasulfide, etc.)

Reactant has -xh, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to phosphorus (wherein h of -xh may be replaced by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium, or by a group ia or iia light metal)

Additional diverse phosphorus containing reactant

And -c(=x)- containing reactant, wherein x is chalcogen

And reactant having alcoholic or phenolic -xh group, wherein x is chalcogen (and wherein h of -xh may be replaced by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium, or by a group ia or iia light metal)

And reactant having halogen bonded directly to carbon, which carbon may be single bonded to any element but may be multiple bonded only to carbon

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, or cyano attached indirectly to the halogen by acyclic nonionic bonding

And reactant having three-membered hetero ring

And unsaturated hydrocarbon reactant (e.g., pinene, allylene, etc.)

Reactant having halogen attached directly to phosphorus by nonionic bonding

And reactant having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen

And reactant having alcoholic or phenolic -xh group, wherein x is chalcogen (and wherein h of -xh may be replaced by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium, or by a group ia or iia light metal)

And carbon bonded directly to the phosphorus in the phosphorus containing reactant (e.g., methyl phosphonodichloride, etc.)

And divalent chalcogen single bonded directly to the phosphorus in the phosphorus containing reactant (e.g., diethyl phosphorochloridate, etc.)

Nitrogen containing compound utilized (e.g., pyridine, carbamates, urea, etc., utilized as catalysts, proton acceptors, etc.)

And nitrogen bonded directly to the phosphorus in the phosphorus containing reactant

Four or five halogens attached directly to the phosphorus in the phosphorus containing reactant by nonionic bonding

Metal containing material utilized (e.g., as catalysts, etc.)

Nitrogen containing compound utilized (e.g., pyridine, carbamates, urea, etc., utilized as catalysts, proton acceptors, etc.)

The phosphorus in the reactant is trivalent

Nitrogen containing compound utilized (e.g., pyridine, carbamates, urea, etc., utilized as catalysts, proton acceptors, etc.)

Trivalent phosphorus converted into pentavalent phosphorus

And reactant having chalcogen-containing hetero ring

Reactant is a phosphorus ester (e.g., transesterification, etc.)

And reactant having alcoholic or phenolic -xh group, wherein x is chalcogen (and wherein x of -xh may be replaced by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium, or by a group ia or iia light metal)

The -xh is bonded directly to alkyl

The phosphorus ester reactant has hydrogen or metal bonded directly to phosphorus

Trivalent phosphorus converted into pentavalent phosphorus

Reactant having halogen and -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to the same carbon (e.g., alpha halo carbonyl compounds, etc.)

Halogenation of carbon

Isomerization

Purification or recovery

Metal containing material utilized or separated

Of compounds having halogen attached directly to phosphorus by nonionic bonding

Of compounds having plural phosphori

Oxidation employed to purify or recover

Reactant having halogen or nitrogen attached directly to phosphorus by nonionic bonding

Reactant having nitrogen attached indirectly to phosphorus by nonionic bonding

Replacing h of p-xh with substituted or unsubstituted ammonium, or with a group ia or iia light metal, and wherein x is chalcogen and p is trivalent or pentavalent

Substituting carbon for halogen, hydrogen, or metal bonded directly to the phosphorus

Aldehyde or ketone reactant

Reactant having acyclic or alicyclic carbon to carbon unsaturation

Reactant having halogen bonded directly to carbon (e.g., ethyl bromide, benzoyl chloride, etc.)

Trivalent phosphorus converted into pentavalent phosphorus

Molecular oxygen or elemental sulfur reactant (e.g., air, etc.)

Reactant having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen

Reactant having halogen bonded directly to carbon (e.g., arbuzov rearrangement, etc.)

The reactant contains carbon to carbon unsaturation

Utilizing oxirane ring containing compound

The phosphorus is in a ring

Additional phosphorus containing ring

Phosphorus, and two chalcogens bonded directly thereto, in the same ring (e.g., cyclic phosphonates, etc.)

Acyclic divalent chalcogen single bonded directly to the ring phosphorus (e.g., cyclic phosphites, etc.)

And divalent chalogen double bonded directly to the ring phosphorus (e.g., cyclic phosphates, etc.)

And carbon and chalcogen in the ring

Plural chalcogens in the ring

Acyclic divalent chalcogen single bonded directly to the ring phosphorus (e.g., cyclic phosphites, etc.)

And divalent chalcogen double bonded directly to the ring phosphorus (e.g., cyclic phosphates, etc.)

The ring phosphorus is attached directly to halogen or an acyclic nitrogen by nonionic bonding

And nitrogen in the ring

And chalcogen or carbon in the ring

Ring phosphorus is shared by two rings

Phosphorus and nitrogen in the same ring

Three divalent chalcogens single bonded directly to trivalent phosphorus (e.g., trialkyl phosphites, etc.)

With preservative or stabilizer

Sulfate esters ( i.e., compounds having the sulfate group, -o-s(=o)(=o)o-, bonded directly to at least one carbon, which carbon may be single bonded to any atom but may be multiple bonded only to carbon)

Acyclic carbon chain containing carbon to carbon unsaturation attached directly to the sulfate group by nonionic bonding

Benzene ring attached directly or indirectly to the sulfate group by nonionic bonding

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the sulfate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Plural chalcogens attached indirectly to the sulfate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

The chalcogen is bonded directly to a ring

The chalcogen, x, is part of a -c(=x)- group

Chalcogen bonded directly to the sulfate group

Halogen attached indirectly to the sulfate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the sulfate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to the nitrogen

Phosphorus attached directly or indirectly to the sulfate group by nonionic bonding

Plural alkyl groups, or hydrogen and an alkyl group, bonded directly to the sulfate group, wherein the hydrogen may be replaced by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium, or by a group ia or iia light metal (e.g., ethyl hydrogen sulfate, methyl ammonium sulfate, diethyl sulfate, etc.)

Processes

Heavy metal containing material utilized (e.g., as catalyst, promoter, etc.)

Purification or recovery

Reactant contains acyclic or alicyclic carbon to carbon double bond

Reactant contains alcoholic -oh group (wherein h of -oh may be replaced by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium, or by a group ia or iia light metal)

Plural sulfate groups attached indirectly to each other by nonionic bonding

Additional chalcogen attached indirectly to a sulfate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached indirectly to a sulfate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Quaternary nitrogen containing

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, attached indirectly to the quaternary nitrogen

With preservative or stabilizer

Sulfenate esters (i.e., compounds having the sulfenate group, -s-o-, wherein the oxygen is bonded directly to carbon, which carbon may be single bonded to any atom but may be multiple bonded only to carbon)

Sulfinate esters (i.e., compounds having the sulfinate group, -o-s(=o)-, wherein the single bonded oxygen is bonded directly to carbon, which carbon may be single bonded to any atom but may be multiple bonded only to carbon)

Sulfite esters (i.e., compounds having the sulfite group, -o-s(=o)o-, bonded directly to at least one carbon, which carbon may be single bonded to any atom but may be multiple bonded only to carbon)

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the sulfite group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Sulfonate esters (i.e., compounds having the sulfonate group, -o-s(=o)(=o) , wherein the single bonded oxygen is bonded directly to carbon, which carbon may be single bonded to any atom but may be multiple bonded only to carbon)

Acyclic carbon chain containing carbon to carbon unsaturation attached directly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding

Benzene ring bonded directly to the sulfonate group

Additional benzene ring containing

Alicyclic ring attached directly or indirectly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

The chalcogen, x, is in a -c(=x)- group

Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the sulfonate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Plural halogens attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by acyclic bonding

Nitrogen attached directly or indirectly to the sulfonate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

The nitrogen is bonded directly to -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen

Additional nitrogen attached directly or indirectly to the -c(=x)- group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Phosphorus attached directly or indirectly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding

Plural sulfonate groups attached indirectly to each other by nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached directly or indirectly to a sulfonate group by nonionic bonding

Thioborate esters (i.e., compounds having boron and carbon each single bonded to the same divalent sulfur, which carbon may be single bonded to any atom but may be multiple bonded only to carbon)

Thiocyanate esters (i.e., compounds having the thiocyano group, -scn, bonded directly to carbon, which carbon may be single bonded to any atom but may be multiple bonded only to carbon)

Nitrogen or carbonyl attached indirectly to the thiocyano group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Oxygen attached indirectly to the thiocyano group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Plural thiocyano groups attached to each other indirectly by nonionic bonding

Sulfur or halogen attached indirectly to the thiocyano group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Thiocyano and the carbonyl carbon of a -coo- group are attached to the same carbon or to a chain consisting of carbons, which chain may include ring members (e.g., terpene thiocyanoacyl compounds, etc.)

Thiocyano bonded directly to a benzene ring

Thioimidate esters (i.e., compounds having the thioimidate group, hn=ch-s-, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only, bonded directly to carbon, which carbon may be single bonded to any atom but may be multiple bonded only to carbon)

Chalcogen bonded directly to the carbon of the thioimidate group (e.g., hn=c(oh)-s-, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only)

Nitrogen bonded directly to the carbon of the thioimidate group (i.e., pseudothioureas, hn=c(hnh)-s-, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only)

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the thioimidate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

Oxygen attached directly to the nitrogen of the thioimidate group by nonionic bonding (i.e., ho-n=ch-s-, wherein substitution may be hydrogen only)