Organic compounds (class 532, subclass 1)

Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring having chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium) or nitrogen as the only ring hetero atoms (class 540, subclass 1)

Hetero ring is five-membered consisting of one nitrogen and four carbons (e.g., halopyrrolidines, etc.)

Additional hetero ring, which is attached directly or indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding

Polycyclo ring system which includes ring chalcogen

Plural ring chalcogens in the polycyclo ring sytem (e.g., methylenedioxyphenyl containing, etc.)

Sulfur containing hetero ring

The additional hetero ring also contains nitrogen

Ring carbon of each of the two nitrogen containing hetero rings is bonded directly to chalcogen (e.g., both rings may be bonded to the same oxygen atom or to different oxygen atoms, etc.)

Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of each of the two nitrogen containing hetero rings (e.g., bis-succinimides, etc.)

Double bond between ring carbons in each of the two nitrogen containing hetero rings (e.g., bis-maleimides, etc.)

Processes

Ring nitrogens of the two nitrogen containing hetero rings are bonded directly to the same atom or chain, which chain may include a ring

The atom is carbon or the chain consists of carbons

Benzene ring bonded directly to the five-membered hetero ring

Benzene ring in a substituent attached to the ring nitrogen of the five membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding

Boron containing

Chalcogen attached directly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding (e.g., 3-pyrrolidinols, etc.)

Chalcogen attached directly to ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding (e.g., pyrrolidine-n-oxides, etc.)

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding (e.g., 4-hydroxy -3-pyrrolidinemethanol, etc.)

Chalcogen bonded directly to a ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring which is adjacent to the ring nitrogen (e.g., 2-pyrrolidones, etc.)

And chalcogen bonded directly to a ring carbon of the five membered hetero ring which is not adjacent to the ring nitrogen (e.g., 2,4 pyrrolidinediones, etc.)

And chalcogen bonded directly to the other ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring which is adjacent to the ring nitrogen (e.g., succinimide, etc.)

Carbon to carbon unsaturation between ring members of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., maleimide, etc.)

Benzene ring bonded directly to ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., n-phenylmaleimide, etc.)

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached directly or indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached directly or indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Processes of forming 2-pyrrolidone which is unsubstituted or alkyl or alkenyl substituted only

Directly from a -coo- containing compound (e.g., from methyl acrylate, etc.)

Directly from a cyano containing compound (e.g., from succinonitrile, etc.)

Purification or recovery of 2-pyrrolidone which is unsubstituted or alkyl substituted only

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

The chalcogen is in a substituent attached to the ring nitrogen of the five membered hetero ring

Carbocyclic ring bonded directly to the chalcogen

The substituent on the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring contains a bicyclo carbocyclic ring system

The chalcogen, x, is in a -c(=x)- group (e.g., 1-phenyl -2-pyrrolidino hexanone-1, etc.)

The -c(=x)- is part of a -c(=x)x- group wherein the x's are the same or diverse chalcogens (e.g., 3-pyrrolidinemethanol propionates, etc.)

The -c(=x)x- group is in a substituent attached to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., beta-pyrrolidyl ethyl ester of benzoic acid, etc.)

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to the five membered hetero ring (e.g., pyrrole carbonyl halides, pyrrole carboxaldehyde, etc.)

Acyclic carbon bonded directly to the -c(=x)- (e.g., n-oleoylpyrrolidine, etc.)

Acyclic nitrogen bonded directly to the -c(=x)- (e.g., 4,5-dihalopyrrole -2 carboxamides, etc.)

The -c(=x)- is bonded directly to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., 1-pyrrolidine carboxanilides, etc.)

Carbocyclic ring bonded directly to the -c(=x)- (e.g., 3-benzoyl pyrrolidine, etc.)

The -c(=x)- is part of a -c(=x)x- group, wherein the x's are the same or diverse chalcogens (e.g., pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid, etc.)

Additional -c(=x)- bonded directly to the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., pyrrole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid esters, etc.)

And is bonded directly to a ring carbon which is adjacent to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., 4-hydroxy proline, etc.)

Additional -c(=x) bonded directly to the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., n n-butyryl-l-proline, etc.)

Chalcogen bonded directly to the other ring carbon which is adjacent to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., 2-pyrrolidone-5 carboxylic acid, etc.)

The five-membered hetero ring is further unsubstituted or alkyl substituted only (e.g., proline, etc.)

Heavy metal or aluminum containing

Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., cyclic imides, etc.)

The metal is bonded directly to chalcogen, which chalcogen is attached directly or indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding pyrazole ring carbon

Nitrogen attached directly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding

The nitrogen is bonded directly to a ring carbon which is adjacent to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring

Carbocyclic ring bonded directly to the nitrogen

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

The nitrogen is bonded directly to -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen (e.g., 2 benzamidomethyl - pyrrolidines, etc.)

Hydrogen or acyclic carbon bonded directly to the -c(=x)- (e.g., 2 pyrrolidine acrylamide, etc.)

The nitrogen is in a substituent attached to the ring nitrogen of the five membered hetero ring

One double bond between ring members of the five-membered hetero ring (i.e., pyrrolines)

Phosphorus attached directly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding

Phosphorus attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding

Polycyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos

Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring

Polycyclo carbocyclic ring system having at least three cyclos

Attached directly to the five-membered hetero ring

Polycyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos

Bicyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos (e.g., octahydroindoles, etc.)

Additional hetero ring, attached directly or indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding

Substituent on ring carbon of the bicyclo ring system contains the additional hetero ring

The additional hetero ring and the bicyclo ring system are attached directly to the same acyclic carbon or acyclic carbon chain

The additional hetero ring is bonded directly to a ring carbon of the bicyclo ring system

Additional polycyclo heterocyclic ring system attached directly or indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding

Ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring is bonded directly to a ring carbon of the hetero ring which is a cyclo in the additional polycyclo heterocyclic ring system (e.g., indigoid dyes, etc.)

The additional polycyclo heterocyclic ring system has a lactone ring as one of the cyclos

The additional polycyclo ring system includes a five-membered nitrogen containing hetero ring

Lactone ring containing (e.g., 3,3-bisindolyl phthalides, etc.)

Ring carbon of each of the two five-membered hetero rings is bonded directly to chalcogen or nitrogen (e.g., both rings may be bonded to the same nitrogen atom or to different nitrogen atoms, etc.)

Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of each of the two five membered hetero rings (e.g., bisphthalimides, etc.)

The ring nitrogen of each of the two five-membered hetero rings is bonded directly to the same atom or chain, which chain may include a ring (e.g., n,n'-ethylene-bisphthalimide, etc.)

Ring carbon of one of the five-membered hetero rings is bonded directly to ring carbon of the other (e.g., indigo dyes, etc.)

By a single bond (e.g., leuco indigo, etc.)

Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding (e.g., dibromoindigo, etc.)

Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., adrenochrome, etc.)

Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., imides, etc.)

Chalcogen or nitrogen attached directly to ring nitrogen of the five membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding

Plural ring hetero atoms in the bicyclo ring system, or ring nitrogen is shared by the two cyclos of the bicyclo ring system

The bicyclo ring system consists of the five-membered hetero ring and a benzene ring (e.g., indole, etc.)

Benzene ring bonded directly or attached indirectly by an acyclic carbon or an acyclic carbon chain to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by acyclic nonionic bonding

The chalcogen, x, is in a -c(=x)- group

Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., 3-indolols, etc.)

Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., isatins, etc.)

Polycyclo carbocyclic ring system bonded direcly to a ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., indol-alpha-naphtholindigo, etc.)

Process of forming the bicyclo ring system directly from reactant which contains acyclic nitrogen bonded directly to a benzene ring (e.g., indoxyl from phenylglycine, etc.)

The chalcogen is bonded directly to a ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring which is adjacent to the ring nitrogen (e.g., 2-indolinones, etc.)

Two benzene rings bonded directly to the same ring carbon of the five membered hetero ring

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, attached indirectly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring by an acyclic carbon or acyclic carbon chain (e.g., indole-3-acetic acid, etc.)

Acyclic nitrogen bonded directly to the acyclic carbon or acyclic carbon chain

The acyclic carbon or acyclic carbon chain is further unsubstituted or alkyl substituted only (e.g., tryptophane, etc.)

Processes

Racemization or optical resolution

Preparing from hydantoins or proteins

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., indomethacin, etc.)

Processes

Processes

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., indole-2-carboxylic acids, etc.)

Hydrogen or additional carbon bonded directly to the -c(=x)- group (e.g., aldehydes,ketones, etc.)

Nitrogen attached directly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding (e.g., 2-amino indoles, etc.)

Nitrogen attached indirectly to ring carbon of the bicyclo ring system by acyclic nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached indirectly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding (e.g., tryptamine, etc.)

Benzene ring bonded directly or attached indirectly by an acyclic carbon or an acyclic carbon chain to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring

Chalcogen or additional nitrogen attached indirectly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

The nitrogen is double or triple bonded directly to carbon

Processes of forming the bicyclo ring system by cyclization (e.g., forming indole from o-ethyl aniline, etc.)

The five-membered hetero ring contains one double bond only (i.e., indolines)

Chalcogen or nitrogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

The ring nitrogen is bonded directly to two ring carbons of the same cyclo which carbons are members of one cyclo only (i.e., isoindoles or isoindolenines)

Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., phthalimidines, etc.)

Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., phthalimides, etc.)

Benzene ring bonded directly to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

The chalcogen, x, is in a -c(=x)- group (e.g., beta - phthalimidopropionaldehyde, etc.)

Chalcogen or nitrogen attached directly to the ring nitrogen of the five membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Polycyclo carbocyclic ring system having at least three cyclos

The ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring is unsubstituted or hydrocarbyl substituted only

Chalcogen or nitrogen attached indirectly to ring carbon of the bicyclo ring system by acyclic nonionic bonding

Nitrogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring

The five-membered hetero ring contains one double bond only (i.e., isoindolines)

The ring nitrogen is bonded directly to two ring carbons of the same cyclo which carbons are members of one cyclo only (e.g., cyclopenta(c)pyrroles, etc.)

Two double bonds between ring members of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindoles, etc.)

Pentacyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos

Two of the cyclos share at least three ring members, or a ring carbon is shared by three of the cyclos (e.g., bridged, peri-fused, etc.)

Tetracyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos

Plural ring hetero atoms in the tetracyclo ring system

Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., cyclic imides, etc.)

Three-membered nitrogen containing hetero ring is cyclo in the tetracyclo ring system (e.g., mitomycin c, etc.)

The five-membered hetero ring shares ring members with one other cyclo only

Two of the cyclos share at least three ring members, or a ring carbon is shared by three of the cyclos (e.g., bridged, peri-fused, etc.)

Benzene ring is cyclo in the tetracyclo ring system

The polycyclo ring system has at least six cyclos, and has either a ring carbon that is shared by three of the cyclos or has a ring chalcogen

Tricyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos

A ring carbon is shared by three of the cyclos (e.g., peri-fused, etc.)

Benzene ring, which is not a cyclo in the tricyclo ring system, bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring

Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., naphthostyril, etc.)

Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., indigoid dyes, etc.)

Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., cyclic imides, naphthisatins, etc.)

Plural ring hetero atoms in the tricyclo ring system

Ring chalcogen in the tricyclo ring system

Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., cyclic imides, etc.)

Pyrano(3,4-b)indoles or thiopyrano(3,4-b) indoles (including hydrogenated)

The tricyclo ring system consists of a benzene ring which shares ring carbons with two nitrogen containing hetero rings (e.g., pyromellitic diimide, etc.)

Ring nitrogen is shared by two of the cyclos

The five-membered hetero ring shares ring carbons with two carbocyclic rings (e.g., tetrahydrocarbazoles, etc.)

Chalcogen or nitrogen attached indirectly to ring nitrogen of the five membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to ring carbon of the tricyclo ring system (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydrocarbazole -3 carboxylic acid, etc.)

The five-membered hetero ring shares ring carbons with two benzene rings (i.e., carbazoles)

Azido or sulfonyl attached directly to the tricyclo ring system by nonionic bonding (e.g., carbazole sulfonic acid, etc.)

Chalcogen or nitrogen attached indirectly to the tricyclo ring system by acyclic nonionic bonding

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to the tricyclo ring system (e.g., carbazole-3-carboxylic acid, etc.)

One of the benzene rings and an additional carbocyclic ring bonded directly to the same acyclic nitrogen

The tricyclo ring system is unsubstituted or is hydrocarbyl substituted only (e.g., n-vinyl carbazole, etc.)

Carbazole per se or alkyl substituted only

Processes of forming by cyclization or alkylation

Two of the cyclos share at least three ring members (i.e., bridged)

Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., cyclic imides, etc.)

Silicon containing

Spiro

The spiro includes the five-membered hetero ring

Both rings which form the spiro are hetero rings

Acyclic chalcogen attached directly to the five-membered nitrogen containing spiro hetero ring by nonionic bonding

Polycyclo ring system having one of the two rings which form the spiro as one of the cyclos

The five-membered hetero ring is unsubstituted or is alkyl substituted only (e.g., pyrrolidine, etc.)

Two double bonds between ring members of the five-membered hetero ring

Benzene ring bonded directly to ring nitrogen of the five -membered hetero ring

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

The five-membered hetero ring is unsubstituted or alkyl substituted only (e.g., pyrrole, etc.)

With preservative or stabilizer

Hetero ring is five-membered having two or more ring hetero atoms of which at least one is nitrogen (e.g., selenazoles, etc.)

1,2,3-triazoles (including hydrogenated)

Polycyclo heterocyclic ring system containing ring oxygen

Polycyclo ring system having the triazole ring as one of the cyclos

Chalcogen attached directly to the polycyclo ring system by nonionic bonding

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the polycyclo ring system by nonionic bonding

The chalcogen, x, is in a -c(=x)- group

Ring nitrogen is shared by two of the cyclos

1,2,4-triazoles (including hydrogenated)

Additional unsaturated hetero ring attached directly or indirectly to the triazole ring by nonionic bonding

The additional unsaturated hetero ring and the triazole ring are attached to the same acyclic atom or to the same acyclic chain

The additional unsaturated hetero ring is one of the cyclos of a polycyclo ring system (except alkylenedioxyphenyl)

Benzene ring bonded directly to ring nitrogen of the triazole ring, and directly to the acyclic carbon of a benzoyl or benzyl group

Benzene ring bonded directly to the triazole ring

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the triaole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Acyclic carbon bonded directly to triazole ring nitrogen is multiple bonded to an additional carbon

Plural chalcogens attached indirectly to the triazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

The triazole ring and the chalcogen are bonded directly to the same acyclic carbon

Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the triazole ring

Benzene ring bonded directly to the 4-position of the triazole ring

Carbon bonded directly to the chalcogen

Nitrogen or additional chalcogen attached indirectly to the chalcogen by acyclic nonionic bonding

Halogen or nitrogen attached directly to the triazole ring by nonionic bonding

Plural chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbons of the triazole ring

The 1- and 2- positions of the triazole ring are unsubstituted, or are alkyl or cycloalkyl substituted only

Cyano or -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to the triazole ring

Having -nh-c(=x)-nhh attached directly to the triazole ring by nonionic bonding (wherein x is chalcogen or =nh, and substitution may be made for hydrogen only)

Nitrogen attached directly to the triazole ring by nonionic bonding

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to the nitrogen

Plural nitrogens attached directly to the triazole ring by nonionic bonding

The nitrogen is further bonded to hydrogen only

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the triazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to the nitrogen

The nitrogen is double or triple bonded to carbon

Plural nitrogens attached to the triazole ring indirectly by acyclic nonionic bonding, two of which are bonded directly to the same acyclic carbon

Polycyclo ring system having the triazole ring as one of the cyclos

Processes for forming the triazole ring

The triazole ring and a hetero ring whose ring members are carbon and chalcogen are bonded directly to the same acyclic carbon

1,2-diazoles (including hydrogenated)

Additional hetero ring attached directly or indirectly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding

Plural 1,2-diazoles (including hydrogenated)

Two diazole rings are bonded directly to each other, to the same acyclic carbon atom or to the same acyclic carbon chain

The additional hetero ring contains chalcogen as the only ring hetero atom

The additional hetero ring is a cyclo in a polycyclo ring system

The polycyclo ring system contains nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom

Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the diazole ring

Benzene ring is bonded directly to ring nitrogen of the diazole ring (e.g., 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone; antipyrine, etc.)

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen bonded directly to the diazole ring

Acyclic nitrogen or chalcogen bonded directly to the -c(=x)- group

Nitrogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding

Chalcogen attached directly to the nitrogen by nonionic bonding [e.g., 5- (2-carbethoxyphenoxy)-1,3-dimethyl-4-nitropyrazole, etc.]

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the nitrogen by acyclic nonionic bonding

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to the nitrogen

The nitrogen and the chalcogen are directly bonded to non-adjacent carbons of the diazole ring (e.g., pyrazolone imide or imino pyrazolone, etc.)

The nitrogen is multiply bonded to acyclic carbon or is bonded to nitrogen of the diazole ring

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Plural chalcogens bonded directly to diazole ring carbons

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

The chalcogen is bonded directly at the 4-position of the diazole ring

Nitrogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding

Chalcogen attached directly to the nitrogen by nonionic bonding [e.g., n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-nitropyrazole, etc.]

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding [e.g., 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-amino-4(para-chlorophenyl)-pyrazole, etc.]

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

One double bond between ring memebers of the diazole ring (i.e., pyrazoline)

Chalcogen or nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Plural benzene rings bonded directly to the diazole ring

Polycyclo ring system containing anthracene configured ring system having at least one double bond between ring members and having oxygen single bonded or any atom double bonded directly at the 9- or 10- positions (e.g., anthrone, anthraquinone, etc.)

Additional polycyclo ring system having at least three cyclos attached directly or indirectly to the anthrone or anthraquinone by nonionic bonding

Polycyclo ring system having the diazole ring as one of the cyclos

Bicyclo ring system having the diazole ring as one of the cyclos (e.g., 2, 4-dichloro-5-nitrophenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2h-indazole, etc.)

At least three ring hetero atoms in the bicyclo ring system

Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the diazole ring

The other ring is a benzene ring

Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the diazole ring

Having chalcogen or nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding

Tetracyclo ring system having the diazole ring as one of the cyclos

Tricyclo ring system having the diazole ring as one of the cyclos

At least three ring hetero atoms in the tricyclo ring system

Spiro

Two double bonds between ring members of the diazole ring (i.e., pyrazole)

Benzene ring bonded directly to the diazole ring

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen bonded directly to the diazole ring

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

1,2-oxazoles (including hydrogenated)

Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxazole ring

Nitrogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxazole ring

Nitrogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxazole ring

Nitrogen bonded directly to the 3-position of the oxazole ring

Plural double bonds between ring members of the oxazole ring

4-position substituent contains plural chalcogens, attached indirectly to the oxazole ring by nonionic bonding, none of which is bonded directly to phenyl

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxazole ring by nonionic bonding

Polycyclo ring system having the oxazole ring as one of the cyclos

At least three ring hetero atoms in the polycyclo ring system

1,2-thiazoles (including hydrogenated)

Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiazole ring

Nitrogen or chalcogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding

Polycyclo ring system having the thiazole ring as one of the cyclos

Acyclic chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiazole ring

At least three chalcogens bonded directly to the thiazole ring

Saccharin per se or salt thereof

Nitrogen attached directly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding

Ring carbon is shared by three of the cyclos of the polycyclo ring system

1,3-diazoles (including hydrogenated)

Additional hetero ring attached directly or indirectly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding (e.g., 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl methyl-imidazole, etc.)

The additional hetero ring contains nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom [e.g., n-(cyclopentylcarbonyl-l-histidyl)-pyrrolidine, etc.]

The additional hetero ring contains sulfur as the only ring hetero atom [e.g., 5-(2-thienyl) hydantoin, etc.]

The additional hetero ring is a cyclo in a polycyclo ring system [e.g., 2-(1-isothiochromanyl)-2-imidazoline hydrochloride, etc.]

At least two ring hetero atoms in the polycyclo ring system

The additional polycyclo ring system is a bicyclo ring system having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom [e.g., 5-(indolyl-3-methylene)- hydantoin, etc.]

The additional hetero ring is a diazole ring (including hydrogenated)

Plural 1,3-diazoles

Additional diverse hetero ring attached directly or indirectly to a diazole ring by nonionic bonding

Ring nitrogens of two diazole rings attached directly to the same atom or chain, which chain may include a ring, by nonionic bonding

Acyclic chalcogen bonded directly at the 2- and at the 4- or 5- positions of each of the two diazole rings (e.g., n, n` methylene bis -hydantoin, etc.)

The diazole rings are bonded directly to each other

Two diazole rings are bonded directly to the same carbon atom or carbon chain, which chain may include a ring

The additional hetero ring is a five-membered ring having oxygen and four carbons (e.g., pilocarpine; 2-[5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-furyl]imidazole hydrochloride, etc.)

Acyclic chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the 1,3-diazole ring

Plural acyclic chalcogens bonded directly at the 2- and at the 4- or 5- positions of the 1,3-diazole ring [e.g., n-(5-nitro-2-furfuryliden)-1- amino-hydantoin, etc.]

Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the diazole ring (e.g., n-vinyl-n, n`ethylene urea, etc.)

Additional chalcogen attached directly to ring nitrogen of the diazole ring by nonionic bonding

Benzene ring bonded directly to the diazole ring

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

The chalcogen, x, is in a -c(=x)- group

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to the diazole ring

Acyclic nitrogen bonded directly to the -c(=x)- group

Nitrogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding

The nitrogen is attached directly to ring nitrogen of the diazole ring by nonionic bonding (e.g., dinitroethylene urea, etc.)

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the diazole ring

Benzene ring bonded directly to the diazole ring

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

The chalcogen, x, is in a -c(=x)- group

Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to the diazole ring

Nitrogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding [e.g., (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea or allantoin, etc.]

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Three chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the diazole ring

The chalcogen is sulfur or selenium (e.g., 2-mercaptoimidazoline, ethylenethiourea, etc.)

The diazole ring is further unsubstituted (e.g., cyclic ethylene urea, etc.)

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to the diazole ring

The -c(=x)- is bonded directly to ring nitrogen of the diazole ring

The -c(=x)- is part of a -c(=x)x- group, wherein the x`s are the same or diverse chalcogens (e.g., imidazole- 4,5-dicarboxylic acid, etc.)

Nitrogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding

Chalcogen or the nitrogen attached directly to diazole ring nitrogen by nonionic bonding

The nitrogen is bonded directly at the 2-position of the diazole ring

Benzene ring bonded directly to the nitrogen

Chalcogen, additional nitrogen, or -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen or nitrogen, attached directly to the nitrogen by nonionic bonding

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to the diazole ring

The nitrogen is part of a nitro group (i.e., -no ), (e.g., 5-nitroimidazole, etc.)

Benzene ring bonded directly at the 2-position of the diazole ring

Chalcogen, not part of a nitro group, attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

The chalcogen is sulfur

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to the diazole ring

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

The nitrogen is multiply bonded to carbon

The nitro group is bonded directly at the 2-position of the diazole ring

One double bond between ring members of the diazole ring (i.e., imidazoline)

Benzene ring and the diazole ring are bonded to the same acyclic carbon atom or carbon chain

Benzene ring bonded directly to the diazole ring

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding (e.g., hydroxyalkyl glyoxalidine, etc.)

Benzene ring bonded directly to the chalcogen [e.g., 2-(3- aminophenoxymethyl)imidazoline, etc.]

The chalcogen is sulfur

The chalcogen, x, is in a -c(=x)x- group, wherein x`s are the same or diverse chalcogens

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Polycyclo ring system containing anthracene configured ring system having at least one double bond between ring members and having oxygen single bonded or any atom double bonded directly at the 9- or 10- positions (e.g., anthrone, anthraquinone, etc.)

Polycyclo ring system having the diazole ring as one the cyclos

Bicyclo ring system having the diazole ring as one of the cyclos

At least three ring hetero atoms in the bicyclo ring system (e.g., furo- imidazole, (1,2-a) imidazole, pyrazo (1,2-a) imidazolidine, etc.)

Four ring nitrogens in the bicyclo ring system (e.g., glycolurile, etc.)

The other cyclo is a five-membered hetero ring having one sulfur and four carbons (e.g., cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno [3,4-d]-imidazoline 4-valeric acid or biotin, etc.)

Having -c(=o)-hn-, wherein substitution may be made for h, attached directly or indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by acyclic nonionic bonding (e.g., biotin amide, biotinylglycine, etc.)

The other ring is a benzene ring

Additional hetero ring attached directly or indirectly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding (e.g., methyl( 5-[2-(2-thienyl)-1,3-dioxolan -2-yl]-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl) carbamate, etc.)

The additional hetero ring contains nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom [e.g., 2-(2`-imidazolin-2`-yl)-benzimidazole; 1-p-chlorophenyl-3- pyrrolidin-1`- yl-propyl benzimidazolone, etc.]

The additional hetero ring is a cyclo in a polycyclo ring system (e.g., benzofuranyl-benzimidazole, etc.)

The additional polycyclo ring system contains a 1,3-diazole [e.g., bis (benzimidazol-2-yl) stilene, etc.]

The polycyclo ring systems are bonded to the same acyclic carbon atom or to the same acyclic carbon chain (e.g., di-[2-benzimidazolyl)-methane; di-[benzimidazyl-(2)]-monohydroxyethylene, etc.)

Benzene ring bonded directly at the 2- position of the diazole ring

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the diazole ring

Plural chalcogens attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding

The chalcogen is sulfur

Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to the diazole ring

Nitrogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding

Chalcogen attached directly to diazole ring nitrogen by nonionic bonding

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to the diazole ring

Acyclic nitrogen bonded directly to the -c(=x)- group

Having -c(=x)-x-, wherein the x`s are the same or diverse chalcogens, attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Chalcogen bonded directly to the benzene ring of the bicyclo ring system

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Tricyclo ring system having the diazole ring as one the cyclos

The 1,3-diazole shares ring nitrogen with a five-membered ring having no additional hetero atoms (e.g., imidazo [2,1-a] isoindole, etc.)

Spiro

Acyclic chalcogen bonded directly at the 2- and at the 4- or 5- positions of the 1,3-diazole ring [e.g., cyclohexanespiro-5`-(3`-hydroxymethyl) hydantoin, etc.]

One of the two rings which form the spiro is part of a polycyclo ring system

Two double bonds between ring members of the diazole ring (i.e., imidazole)

Benzene ring attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Benzene ring bonded directly to the diazole ring

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Benzene ring or halogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding (e.g., 1-hydroxyethyl-4,5-diphenyl-imidazole; 1-ethyloxymethyl-2, 4,5-trichloro-imidazole, etc.)

The chalcogen is sulfur

The chalcogen, x, is in a -c(=x)- group

Cycloaliphatic ring bonded directly to the diazole ring

Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the nitrogen by acyclic nonionic bonding

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to the nitrogen

The chalcogen is sulfur or sulfur attached indirectly to the -c(=x)- group by acyclic nonionic bonding

The nitrogen and -c(=x)x-, wherein x`s are the same or diverse chalcogens, are bonded directly to the same acyclic carbon atom (e.g., -amino-4(5)- imidazole propionic acid or histidine, etc.)

Halogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

The nitrogen is multiply bonded to carbon

Having a -c=n group bonded directly to the nitrogen (e.g., n-cyano-n`- methyl-n~-{2-(4-methyl-5-imidazolyl)-methylthio]-ethyl}guanidine, etc.)

The nitrogen is part of a -c=n group which is bonded directly to the diazole ring (e.g., 4,5-dicyanoimidazole, etc.)

The diazole ring and two benzene rings are bonded directly to the same acyclic carbon

1,3-oxazoles (including hydrogenated)

Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxazole ring

Chalcogen bonded directly at 2-position of the oxazole ring

3-position substituent contains ethylenic or acetylenic unsaturation or nitrogen

4- or 5-position substituent contains chalcogen

Nitrogen, halogen, or -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, attached directly to the oxazole ring by nonionic bonding

Chalcogen bonded directly at 5-position of the oxazole ring

Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the oxazole ring

Chalcogens bonded directly at 2- and 5-positions of the oxazole ring

Nitrogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxazole ring

Additional ring attached directly to the nitrogen by nonionic bonding

One double bond between the ring members of the oxazole ring

2-position is unsubstituted or hydrocarbyl substituted only

2-position substituent contains nitrogen, other than as nitro or nitroso

Plural double bonds between the ring members of the oxazole ring

Cyano or -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, attached directly or indirectly to the oxazole ring by nonionic bonding

Polycyclo ring system having the oxazole ring as one of the cyclos

At least four rings in the polycyclo ring system

At least three ring hetero atoms in the polycyclo ring system

Carbocyclic ring bonded directly at the 2-position of the oxazole ring

Chalcogen bonded directly at the 2-position of the oxazole ring

Nitrogen bonded directly at the 2-position of the oxazole ring

Plural polycyclo ring systems having the oxazole ring as one of the cyclos in each of the ring systems

Plural oxazole-containing polycyclo ring systems each bonded directly to the same polycyclo ring system or the same hetero ring

Spiro

1,3-thiazoles (including hydrogenated)

Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiazole ring

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding

The chalcogen, x, is in a -c(=x)- group

The -c(=x)- group is bonded directly to the thiazole ring

Nitrogen attached directly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to nitrogen

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding

Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the thiazole ring

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to the thiazole ring

The -c(=x)- is part of a -c(=x)x- group, wherein the x's are the same or diverse chalcogens

Nitrogen attached directly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding

Nitrogen bonded directly to chalcogen

The chalcogen, x, is in a -c(=x)- group

The -c(=x)- group is bonded directly to the nitrogen

Chalcogen or additional nitrogen bonded directly to the -c(=x)- group

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding

Plural nitrogens attached directly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding

Nitrogen bonded directly to a -c(=x)- group, wherein x is chalcogen

The nitrogen is bonded additionally only to hydrogen

Plural double bonds between ring members of thiazole ring

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding

The chalcogen, x, is in a -c(=x)- group

Polycyclo heterocyclic ring system containing ring nitrogen

Polycyclo ring system having the thiazole ring as one of the cyclos

Bicyclo ring system having the thiazole ring as one of the cyclos

Additional polycyclo heterocyclic ring system containing

At least three ring hetero atoms in the bicyclo ring system

Ring nitrogen is shared by the two cyclos

Tetramisole per se or salt thereof (including hydrogenated)

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding

The chalcogen, x, is in a -c(=x)- group

Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiazole ring

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached directly to chalcogen by nonionic bonding

The chalcogen, x, is in a -c(=x)- group

Nitrogen bonded directly to the -c(=x)- group

Chalcogen bonded directly to the chalcogen

Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached directly to the chalcogen by nonionic bonding

The nitrogen is bonded additionally directly to two carbons

Sulfur double bonded or thiol bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiazole ring

Process of forming the bicyclo ring system

Aniline or alkyl derivative thereof utilized as starting material

Purification or recovery

Chalcogen or nitrogen attached directly to the other cyclo of the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached directly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding

Carbonyl or thiocarbonyl bonded directly to the nitrogen

The nitrogen bonded additionally only to hydrogen

The nitrogen is a ring hetero atom

Plural benzothiazoles (including hydrogenated)

Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiazole ring

Plural benzothiazole ring systems bonded directly to chain consisting of plural sulfurs

Polycyclo-carbocyclic ring system having at least three cyclos

Tetracyclo ring system having the thiazole ring as one of the cyclos

Tricyclo ring system having the thiazole ring as one of the cyclos

At least three ring hetero atoms in the tricyclo ring system

Spiro

Boron or silicon containing

Heavy metal or aluminum containing

Arsenic containing

Azide or acyclic nitrogen containing

Polycyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos

The metal is bonded directly to carbon, which carbon is a ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring or which carbon is attached directly or indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding

The metal is bonded directly to chalcogen of a -c(=x)x- group, wherein the x's are the same or diverse chalcogens, which group is attached directly or indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding

The metal is bonded directly to chalcogen which chalcogen is attached directly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding

The metal is bonded directly to chalcogen which chalcogen is attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding

The metal is in an anion and the five-membered hetero ring is in a cation

Phosphorus attached directly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding

Phosphorus attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding

Polycyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos

The polycyclo ring system and phosphorus are both bonded directly to the same chalcogen

The five-membered hetero ring and phosphorus are both bonded directly to the same chalcogen

The five-membered hetero ring contains at least three ring nitrogens

The five-membered hetero ring contains chalcogen as a ring hetero atom

The five-membered hetero ring and phosphorus are both bonded directly to the same nitrogen

The phosphorus is part of a substituent which is attached directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring

Plural ring oxygens in the five-membered hetero ring

Plural ring sulfurs in the five-membered hetero ring

Tetrazoles (including hydrogenated)

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the tetrazole ring by nonionic bonding

The chalcogen, x, is in a -c(=x)- group

Chalcogen or nitrogen attached directly to the tetrazole ring by nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached indirectly to the tetrazole ring by nonionic bonding

The five-membered hetero ring consists of chalcogen, plural nitrogens, and carbon

1,2,3-thiadiazoles (including hydrogenated)

1,2,4-oxadiazoles (including hydrogenated)

Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxadiazole ring

Nitrogen attached directly to the oxadiazole ring by nonionic bonding

1,2,4-thiadiazoles (including hydrogenated)

Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiadiazole ring

Nitrogen or additional chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiadiazole ring

1,2,5-thiadiazoles (including hydrogenated)

Chalcogen or nitrogen attached directly to ring carbon of the thiadiazole ring by nonionic bonding

1,3,4-oxadiazoles (including hydrogenated)

Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxadiazole ring

Plural carbocyclic rings bonded directly to the oxadiazole ring

1,3,4-thiadiazoles (including hydrogenated)

Chalcogen bonded directly to the 2- and 5- positions of the thiadiazole ring

Diazole ring attached directly to the thiadiazole ring by nonionic bonding

Nitrogen attached directly to the thiadiazole ring by nonionic bonding

Chalcogen or additional nitrogen attached directly to ring carbon of the thiadiazole ring by nonionic bonding

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, attached directly to the nitrogen by nonionic bonding

Additional nitrogen attached directly to the -c(=x)- group by nonionic bonding

Polycyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos

The five-membered hetero ring consists of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon

The five-membered hetero ring contains ring selenium and is one of the cyclos in a polycyclo ring system

Bicyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos

Hetero ring is three-membered including nitrogen and carbon

Additional hetero ring containing

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, in chain between the hetero rings

Plural three-membered nitrogen containing hetero rings bonded directly to the same ring

Chalcogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding

Chalcogen, nitrogen or halogen attached directly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding

Having -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to the hetero ring

Heavy metal, boron or silicon containing

Nitrogen, other than as nitro or nitroso, attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding

Phosphorus attached directly or indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding

Plural phosphori

Plural hetero atoms in the hetero ring

Plural nitrogens in the hetero ring

Polycyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos

Spiro

The three-membered hetero ring is unsubstituted or alkyl substituted only

The hetero ring contains four members including nitrogen and carbon

Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the hetero ring

Nitrogen or -c(=x)-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to the hetero ring

Plural hetero atoms in the hetero ring