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Class Information
Number: 451
Name: Abrading >
Description: While theoretically all abrading (or grinding) may be said to involve a cutting action, the cutting instrument being a natural one, for example, the sharp edges of randomly oriented crystals, as opposed to the teeth of a file, milling tool, or the like, nevertheless there is a practical distinction between an abrading (or grinding) device on the one hand, and a cutting device on the other, as means of working various materials, which is sufficiently well understood throughout the industrial world to permit this distinction to be made in the classification of inventions relating to such devices. The present classification therefore excludes any and every form of cutting, milling, or filing if the abrading is done with materials of sufficiently fine grain to produce a light-reflecting surface or polish. The term "abrading" may include a polishing device that acts by removal of an integral portion of the material acted upon, but not such as depends upon the application of a coating capable of taking a polish by friction or upon a compression, consolidation, or swaging of the material, for which see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, below.










Class Number Class Name No. of Patents
451/921

"pad" for lens shaping tool

83
451/916

Abrading of brush bristle

10
451/917

Abrading of scalloped cutting edge (e.g., bread knife sharpening)

1
451/28

Abrading process

904
451/60

Abradant supplying

535
451/62

Cam

60
451/57

Combined abrading

661
451/58

Utilizing mounted rigid abrading tool only

203
451/48

Drill, thread, thread cutter, reamer, or rotary cutter abrading

195
451/46

Gauge abrading

26
451/47

Gear or worm abrading

228
451/41

Glass or stone abrading

3141
451/44

Edging

303
451/42

Lens

372
451/43

Edging

252
451/61

Hollow work

120
451/45

Razor, knife, or scissors sharpening

196
451/51

Ring, tube, bushing, sleeve, or cylinder abrading

277
451/52

Bearing raceway

55
451/49

Roll, roller, shaft, ball, or piston abrading

361
451/50

Ball abrading

50
451/63

Side face of disk

402
451/32

Tumbling

127
451/34

In at least one of plural abrading steps

23
451/33

Including temperature modification or control

21
451/35

With auxiliary work treating or in critical fluent medium

81
451/36

Utilizing fluent abradant

817
451/38

By blasting

549
451/40

With nonatmospheric fluid carrier

217
451/39

With nonsiliceous abradant

355
451/37

Combined abrading

164
451/59

Utilizing nonrigid tool

464
451/29

Utilizing shield (mask or stencil)

140
451/30

With in situ removal of nonresist portion of shield

48
451/31

With preparation of shield

43
451/54

With critical nonabrading work treating

314
451/55

Deforming

103
451/53

With critical temperature modification or control of work or abradant

346
451/56

With tool treating or forming

832
451/915

Abrading wheel speed control

3
451/442

Accessory

74
451/446

Abradant supplying

311
451/447

Grader

22
451/458

Abrading sheet applying device

16
451/448

Button cleaning shield

1
451/449

Cooling

162
451/450

Wetting grindstone

222
451/443

Dressing

534
451/445

Erasing shield

7
451/451

Guard or housing

277
451/452

Breakage guard

33
451/453

Collector

139
451/454

Drive shield

39
451/455

Spark or splash guard

70
451/456

Suction

441
451/457

Work guard

43
451/459

Strop surface renewing

5
451/444

Tool cleaner

281
451/460

Work-mounting device

116
451/918

Adjustable work support (e.g., by sine bar)

3
451/415

Attachment

48
451/440

Internal abrader

26
451/441

Orbital tool

44
451/424

Roll or wheel abrader

26
451/426

Reciprocating tool

17
451/427

Nut-and-screw-type drive

2
451/425

Rotary reciprocating tool

15
451/428

Stationary abrading tool

4
451/419

To cutting machine to sharpen blade

44
451/420

Rotary abrading tool

41
451/421

Rotary reciprocating tool

38
451/422

Work actuated

13
451/423

Stationary abrading tool

21
451/418

To electrical machine to abrade commutator

9
451/435

To lathe

15
451/436

Center abrader

2
451/437

Internal abrader

1
451/429

To rail

30
451/432

To sewing machine

1
451/433

To be driven by flywheel

0
451/416

To textile machine to abrade card

20
451/417

Flat card

3
451/439

To the work

123
451/434

To vehicle

16
451/438

To work guide

19
451/430

Valve or valve seat abrader

72
451/431

Orbital tool

16
451/902

Brake abrading

19
451/487

Carrier for a radially movable tool

17
451/463

Carrier for relatively movable simultaneously usable tools

31
451/464

For radially movable tools

40
451/465

Centrifugal force urged tools

32
451/466

Flexible flail tools

105
451/468

Including self-sustaining tools

21
451/469

With discrete nondestructible tool-securing means

43
451/467

With tool supply or storage

7
451/470

Including conoid or wedge tool moving member

37
451/478

Conoid member

25
451/471

With threaded operator

5
451/477

Including key-way or spline

8
451/472

To move conoid member

11
451/475

By conoid member with screw threads

3
451/474

For movement of conoid members relative to each other

2
451/476

Including plural conoid members

10
451/473

To actuate pivotally mounted tools

2
451/479

Including gear actuated tool mover

11
451/481

Including hydraulically actuated tool mover

13
451/480

Including lever actuated tool mover

2
451/484

Including resiliently urged tool

11
451/485

By coil spring

13
451/482

Including thread actuated tool mover

6
451/483

Interrelated to move plural tools

11
451/486

Including tools resiliently urged toward work

34
451/461

Combined tool

117
451/462

Internal

19
451/913

Contour abrading

28
451/903

Egg cleaning

1
451/908

Electrical abrading

20
451/904

Flexible abrasive storage reel

4
451/489

Flexible-member tool mounted on plural rolls

21
451/526

Flexible-member tool, per se

422
451/532

Comprising fibers

135
451/527

Interrupted or composite work face (e.g., cracked, nonplanar, etc.)

444
451/529

Sectional

130
451/528

Uniform thickness nonplanar

72
451/533

Laminate

407
451/539

Abrasive on one surface only

247
451/535

Coil wound

20
451/534

Discontinuous or differential coating impregnation or bond

96
451/536

Integrated strands

61
451/537

Non-coextensive laminae

40
451/538

Strippable layer or component

106
451/531

Splice or joint

30
451/530

Work face variegated or on projecting backing

146
451/340

Frame or mount

54
451/341

Double treadle

1
451/342

For hanging rigid, rotary abrading tool

283
451/343

With balancing provision

71
451/344

Portable abrader

376
451/345

Button cleaner

5
451/346

Calk sharpener

0
451/349

Edge-tool sharpener

75
451/355

Endless band tool

108
451/350

Floor surfacing machine

121
451/351

Reciprocating tool

44
451/352

Rotary cylinder tool

76
451/353

Rotary disk tool

252
451/357

Orbital motion tool

307
451/347

Rail abrader

101
451/356

Reciprocating tool

195
451/348

Roll or wheel abrader

16
451/358

Rotary cylinder tool

231
451/359

Rotary disk tool

499
451/354

Wall surfacing machine

158
451/360

Rotary tool supporter

102
451/361

Floor or bench stand

44
451/363

Machine head

48
451/362

Turret

26
451/900

Gear abrader

30
451/906

Machine element or unit

1
451/64

Machine

38
451/114

By use of plural work holders, without tool

29
451/115

Of valve and seat

9
451/116

Plug cock

0
451/117

Poppet valve

3
451/118

Slide valve

0
451/65

Combined

322
451/66

Scouring or polishing means

182
451/67

With nonabrading means

190
451/73

Adjunct

13
451/69

Cutter

68
451/71

Drill

12
451/70

Including abrader for cut surface

82
451/72

Having means to refurbish abrading tool

328
451/68

Work deformer

17
451/296

Endless band tool

315
451/297

Belt tracking

76
451/298

Chain

27
451/299

One-way work traverse

82
451/300

Endless work carrier

63
451/301

Roller work feed

31
451/302

Opposed endless band abrading tools

75
451/303

Presser or former

219
451/304

Reciprocating band carrier

73
451/305

Reciprocating work holder

23
451/306

Work rotating

31
451/307

Rotary work holder

221
451/308

Turret

14
451/309

Superposed endless band tools

20
451/310

Swinging band carrier

53
451/311

Tension device

124
451/74

Graining box

11
451/113

Immersion

176
451/162

Reciprocating tool

41
451/163

Oscillating

87
451/164

Rectilinear

78
451/166

Compound rectilinear motion

32
451/176

Drawing reel

3
451/167

Endless work carrier

19
451/168

Flexible strip or endless band tool

119
451/169

Stropping machine

2
451/170

Reciprocating work holder

15
451/171

Rocking

8
451/172

Roller work feed

10
451/173

Rotary work holder

80
451/174

Swinging tool carrier

18
451/175

Having actuating handle

9
451/165

Ultrasonic

114
451/119

Rotary reciprocating tool

20
451/120

Cylindrical tool

28
451/121

Oscillating

53
451/122

Harvester knife

4
451/123

Work rotating

45
451/124

Rectilinear

62
451/126

Blade reversing (e.g., razor blade)

2
451/127

Compound rectilinear motion

48
451/128

Harvester knife

4
451/129

One-way work cut

9
451/130

One-way work traverse

17
451/131

Roller work feed

3
451/132

Opposed

12
451/133

Reciprocating work holder

2
451/134

Rotating work holder

10
451/125

Pattern and follower driver

14
451/135

Planetary

7
451/155

Reciprocating spindle

36
451/157

Cam and follower driver

19
451/156

Hydraulic driver

20
451/136

Reciprocating work holder

6
451/137

Rectilinear

15
451/138

Rocking

10
451/150

Rectilinearly reciprocating tool carriage

49
451/153

Flexible driver

6
451/151

Hydraulic driver

14
451/154

Rack and pinion driver

5
451/152

Screw and nut driver

16
451/139

Swinging tool carrier

25
451/140

Work rotating

31
451/142

Cylindrical surface (e.g., roll) abrader

47
451/141

Helical blade

28
451/143

Rotary work holder

45
451/146

Disk or wheel abrader

12
451/147

Gear abrader

59
451/148

Hob

9
451/145

Hydraulic driver

0
451/144

Pattern and follower driver

12
451/149

Turret

6
451/158

Disk tool

30
451/159

Oscillating

59
451/160

Rectilinear

66
451/161

Gear abrader

17
451/177

Rotary tool

103
451/294

Means to rotate tool

80
451/295

Hydraulic driver

55
451/178

Rotary cylinder

153
451/180

Internal

114
451/181

Abrading crank-pin

6
451/179

Linear indexing of the tool

24
451/182

One-way work traverse

60
451/193

Blade sharpener

30
451/183

Drawing reel

11
451/184

Endless work carrier

79
451/185

Blade sharpener

6
451/186

Nut and screw

6
451/187

Blade sharpener

3
451/190

Opposed abrading tools

79
451/192

Blade sharpener

21
451/191

Razor blade

3
451/188

Roller work feed

32
451/189

Work rotating

10
451/194

Opposed abrading tools

79
451/195

Alternating tools

23
451/196

Blade sharpener

13
451/197

Plunger infeeder

6
451/198

Blade sharpener

9
451/199

Reciprocating work holder

5
451/206

Blade sharpener

4
451/200

Rectilinear

5
451/203

Blade sharpener

11
451/201

Rocking

2
451/202

Blade sharpener

5
451/204

Rocking

1
451/205

Blade sharpener

7
451/207

Roller work feed

12
451/208

Blade sharpener

7
451/209

Work rotating

24
451/210

Rotary work holder

27
451/211

Planetary

62
451/212

Reciprocating work holder

15
451/229

Blade sharpener

17
451/230

Harvester knife

0
451/213

Rectilinear

39
451/224

Blade sharpener

30
451/215

Compound

18
451/225

Harvester knife

2
451/214

Indexing

18
451/216

Rocking

19
451/217

Hob, tap, or fluted thread

9
451/218

Work rotating

27
451/219

Gear forming

57
451/220

Long helix

12
451/221

Rotary work holder

27
451/222

Thread abrader

18
451/223

Including work support engaging work at opposite, axial ends; e.g., opposed "centers"

3
451/226

Rocking

22
451/227

Work rotating

13
451/228

Noncircular cross section

29
451/231

Stationary work holder

60
451/234

Blade sharpener

41
451/235

Harvester knife

1
451/232

Reversing, obverting, or pivoting

22
451/233

Spaced portions

7
451/236

Swinging tool carrier

63
451/237

Templet

49
451/238

Pantograph

7
451/239

Rotary templet or pattern

83
451/240

Lens abrader

102
451/241

Work guide

74
451/242

Work rotating

121
451/258

Disk or wheel abrader

30
451/246

Rotary work holder

140
451/251

Abrading eccentric shape

58
451/250

By hob

10
451/254

Disk or wheel abrader

82
451/255

Lens abrader

79
451/253

Gear abrader

60
451/257

Glassware ornamenting

4
451/256

Lens abrader

100
451/249

Spaced abrading areas

78
451/247

Turret

32
451/248

Blade sharpener

6
451/252

Valve abrader

22
451/245

Through feed

33
451/243

With "dead" center

32
451/244

Work handling

25
451/259

Rotary disk

163
451/293

Blade sharpener

73
451/260

One-way work traverse

39
451/261

Opposed abrading tools

52
451/262

Opposed abrading tools

135
451/263

Blade reversing

4
451/264

Reciprocating work holder

10
451/265

Rectilinear

8
451/266

Rocking

3
451/267

Work guide

39
451/268

Work rotating

60
451/269

Rotary work holder

127
451/270

Orbital

80
451/271

Planetary

92
451/272

Reciprocating work holder

24
451/273

Rectilinear

29
451/274

Work rotating

27
451/275

Gear generating

17
451/276

Rocking

39
451/277

Lens abrader

63
451/278

Stationary work holder

108
451/279

Reversing, obverting, or pivoting

54
451/280

Swinging tool carrier

34
451/281

Templet

28
451/282

Work guide

79
451/283

Work rotating

64
451/284

Raceway

13
451/285

Rotary work holder

940
451/286

By means loosely confining work

283
451/290

Disk or wheel abrader

188
451/289

Having vacuum or adhesive securing means

349
451/287

Planar surface abrading

1055
451/288

Having pressure plate

1002
451/291

Planetary

57
451/292

Turret

30
451/75

Sandblast

257
451/91

Abradant propulsion means

80
451/97

Centrifugal batter

77
451/93

Magnetic

19
451/94

Mechanical

19
451/95

Centrifugal batter with abradant supply

75
451/96

Powered abradant supply

21
451/92

Mobile machine

155
451/98

Vane structure

48
451/99

Abradant supply structure

277
451/100

Multiple hopper

45
451/78

Electrical device

55
451/79

File

5
451/90

Having hand-directed sandblast nozzle

167
451/80

Having moving work holder

46
451/81

Endless belt type

56
451/82

Rotary

57
451/83

Rollers

21
451/84

Table

16
451/87

Having particle recovery means

236
451/88

And separation means

220
451/89

Having sandblast chamber

181
451/85

Having tumbling barrel

26
451/86

And centrifugal particle propulsion means

36
451/76

Hollow interior work

92
451/102

Sandblast nozzle structure

350
451/77

Spark plug

7
451/101

Valve structure

91
451/103

Scouring device

29
451/104

Immersion

92
451/107

Drawing reel

4
451/105

Roller work feed

3
451/106

Rotary work holder

38
451/108

Reciprocating scouring tool

9
451/109

Rotary cylindrical scouring tool

14
451/110

Opposed pair of scouring tools

6
451/111

Rotary disk-shaped scouring tool

11
451/112

Opposed pair of scouring tools

3
451/312

Stationary tool

38
451/313

Flexible

18
451/314

Reciprocating work holder

18
451/315

Needle-eye polisher

0
451/316

Stropping machine

0
451/317

Work rotating

49
451/318

Stropping machine

4
451/319

Rigid

28
451/320

Reciprocating work holder

27
451/321

Blade sharpener

31
451/322

Blade reversing

5
451/323

Lens abrader

12
451/324

Rotary work holder

56
451/325

Lens abrader

12
451/326

Tumbling device

148
451/328

Drum

119
451/329

Planetary

35
451/327

Rotating work about vertical axis

93
451/330

Tumbling shapes

38
451/905

Metal lap

19
451/559

Miscellaneous

23
451/1

Precision device or process - or with condition responsive control

151
451/6

By optical sensor

770
451/5

Computer controlled

2124
451/2

Condition responsive control for sandblasting

125
451/3

Cyclic control

25
451/7

Controlling temperature

214
451/4

Tape controlled

38
451/11

With feeding of tool or work holder

897
451/12

And use of moving abutment

23
451/13

Moved by cam

18
451/23

Cam actuated

20
451/24

Hydraulically driven

130
451/26

Control means near and parallel to the abrader

77
451/25

Sizing gauge controlled

43
451/14

Screw actuated

85
451/15

Manually adjustable

13
451/16

Ratchet and pawl drive

5
451/18

Cam actuated

3
451/19

Hydraulically driven

9
451/17

Sizing gauge controlled

10
451/20

Table dog actuated

3
451/27

Tool interior of workpiece

95
451/21

Tool wear compensation

298
451/22

Sizing gauge controlled

55
451/8

With indicating

937
451/10

And feeding of tool or work holder

494
451/9

Of tool or work holder position

429
451/540

Rigid tool

238
451/557

Having actuating handle

98
451/558

Work guide

83
451/541

Rotary cylinder

283
451/542

Circular segments

91
451/543

Detachable

29
451/544

Laminated

82
451/546

Reinforced

69
451/547

Ribbed periphery

116
451/545

Work guide

33
451/548

Rotary disk

362
451/550

Disk laps

139
451/551

Scroll

13
451/549

Work guide

30
451/552

Stationary

91
451/554

Having oiler or moistener

3
451/553

Metal

13
451/556

Razor hone

28
451/555

Work guide

109
451/912

Shoe abrading

2
451/907

Strip feeding

7
451/901

Super finish

16
451/914

Supporting, positioning, or feeding work

10
451/920

Tire "rounding"

40
451/911

Tool mounting point

3
451/490

Tool support for flexible-member tool

180
451/495

Contour-adjustable support

89
451/494

Having magnetic or suction tool holding means

46
451/513

Including endless band tool holding member

32
451/504

Including expansible external surface

52
451/507

Actuated by compression of support

18
451/506

Centrifugally actuated

9
451/505

Hydraulically actuated

22
451/508

Including headed, axially disposed, tool holding member on rotary support

79
451/509

Tool holding member disconnected from support by partial rotation

22
451/510

With threaded means to retain tool holding member

54
451/511

Including conical tool holding member

6
451/502

Including longitudinal tool holding slot

31
451/503

Separable along slot

8
451/514

Including resiliently urged tool holding member

63
451/517

Biased for tool disengagement

18
451/518

Cantilever-spring actuated

19
451/519

Coil-spring actuated

20
451/516

Rotatable

12
451/515

Separable

16
451/512

Including taper or wedge tool holding member

33
451/521

Including threaded means to retain tool holder

29
451/522

Including bar or plate tool holding member

12
451/520

Including tool holder having tool surface depressor

28
451/496

Including tool holding slot in rotary tool support

41
451/497

Separable along slot

1
451/498

Diametrically separable

6
451/499

With tool tensioning means

23
451/500

By rotary gripping element

13
451/501

Including threaded element

2
451/523

Manually manipulated

192
451/524

By handle

202
451/525

Detachable from tool support

69
451/491

With tool supply or storage

14
451/492

Coiled tool

11
451/493

On spool or axle

16
451/910

Ultrasonic

48
451/488

Ventilation or cooling of tool or tool support

98
451/919

Wankel

8
451/909

Wire polishing

15
451/331

Work feeder

42
451/339

Ejector or unloader

115
451/336

Endless

46
451/337

With hopper or magazine

10
451/334

Reciprocating

36
451/335

With hopper or magazine

26
451/332

Rotary

51
451/333

With hopper or magazine

23
451/338

Skewed feed rollers

7
451/364

Work holder

166
451/405

Angularly adjustable

50
451/365

Clamp

142
451/387

Angularly adjustable

55
451/367

Edge tool

62
451/380

Angularly adjustable

37
451/369

Gauging device

26
451/370

Portable

15
451/371

Blade sharpener

52
451/372

Harvester knife

3
451/373

Suspension

0
451/378

Portable

20
451/374

Rotary cutter

38
451/375

Drill

74
451/376

Pattern control

17
451/368

Seat controlled

2
451/377

Work reciprocating

11
451/379

Work rotating

16
451/381

Hollow work

46
451/382

Hypodermic needle

15
451/384

Lens holder

121
451/386

Portable

35
451/383

Skate

26
451/366

Work oscillating

20
451/385

Work rotating

63
451/389

Drop or dop stick

61
451/403

Indexing

63
451/404

Hand operated

20
451/390

Lens or prism

211
451/391

Portable

38
451/402

Rotary

52
451/388

Vacuum

344
451/392

Work reciprocating

17
451/393

Rectilinearly

27
451/394

And work rotating

23
451/395

Hydraulically actuated

7
451/396

Rocking

18
451/397

Work rotating

160
451/398

Rotary work holder

498
451/399

Crank shaft

28
451/400

Orbital movement

24
451/401

Turret

44
451/406

Work rest

38
451/407

For centerless abrader

41
451/410

Gauging device

14
451/408

Steady rest

45
451/409

Tool tooth rest

8
451/411

Work table

39
451/414

Angularly adjustable

31
451/412

Glass work

16
451/413

Work rotating

24
 
 
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